International Trends in Long-Term Care Policy for the Elderly

The specific contexts of such policies include many aspects such as demographic characteristics, socio-cultural factors, governmental organization and political circumstances. These factors create existential limits to choices to some extent that are termed “path dependency†or “sunken costs.†Such path dependency shapes the trajectory of emerging health policies. Nevertheless, in many respects, long-term care policies in industrial/post industrial countries face similar problems arising from the aging of populations, biomedical and medical technological advances, as well as relatively limited “options†in seeking to deal with specific issues. Recently, international trends in long-term care policy have been the focus of two significant reports and somewhat earlier in a collection of essays focused on social care for the elderly in 6 European countries. In some respects the most well formulated of these studies in terms of a comparative approach to the study of social care for the elderly is the earlier study. This analysis will examine these descriptive studies in order to focus on the mix of “global influence†and “embeddedness†influencing national long-term care policy, as well as the “clustering†of policy characteristics among various national systems. “As the devil is in the details,†some of the descriptive characteristics and national policy discussions that constitute the major concern of these studies will be summarized in this analysis.