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The Migration–Immigration Link in Canada's Gateway Cities: A Comparative Study of Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver

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  • Feng Hou

    (Business and Labour Market Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0T6, Canada)

  • Larry S Bourne

    (Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada)

Abstract

In this paper we explore the links between internal migration and international immigration in Canada's three largest metropolitan areas. In particular, we use a place-specific approach to test the displacement hypothesis that the migration behaviour of the less-well-educated native-born population is sensitive to the inflows of immigrants. Based on analyses of microdata from five consecutive censuses covering the period from 1981 to 2001, we find that the migration–immigration relationships are complex, often subtle, and inconsistent across the three cities. Growth in the immigrant population is correlated with an increased out-migration rate among the less-well-educated native-born population, but only in Toronto and Vancouver. This correlation, however, is not independent of changes in housing prices. We also find no consistent support for an alternative hypothesis that economic restructuring accounts for the net out-migration from immigrant gateway cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng Hou & Larry S Bourne, 2006. "The Migration–Immigration Link in Canada's Gateway Cities: A Comparative Study of Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 38(8), pages 1505-1525, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:38:y:2006:i:8:p:1505-1525
    DOI: 10.1068/a37246
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John DiNardo & David Card, 2000. "Do Immigrant Inflows Lead to Native Outflows?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(2), pages 360-367, May.
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    3. Richard A. Wright & Mark Ellis & Michael Reibel, 1997. "The Linkage between Immigration and Internal Migration in Large Metropolitan Areas in the United States," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 73(2), pages 234-254, April.
    4. Randall Filer, 1992. "The Effect of Immigrant Arrivals on Migratory Patterns of Native Workers," NBER Chapters, in: Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas, pages 245-270, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael Haan & Ashley Calhoun & Zikuan Liu, 2018. "The return migration patterns of Canadian seniors: insights from the 1991 cancer cohort study," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 343-362, December.
    2. Yolande Pottie-Sherman & Rima Wilkes, 2017. "Does Size Really Matter? On the Relationship between Immigrant Group Size and Anti-Immigrant Prejudice," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 218-250, March.

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