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The Russian threat and the consolidation of the West: How populism and EU-skepticism shape party support for Ukraine

Author

Listed:
  • Liesbet Hooghe

    (Department of Political Science, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
    RSCAS, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

  • Gary Marks

    (Department of Political Science, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
    RSCAS, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

  • Ryan Bakker

    (Department of Government, 2591University of Essex, Colchester, UK)

  • Seth Jolly

    (Political Science, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA)

  • Jonathan Polk

    (166452Political Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden)

  • Jan Rovny

    (Institut d'Etudes Politiques & Centre d'études européennes and LIEPP, Sciences Po, Paris, France)

  • Marco Steenbergen

    (Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland)

  • Milada Anna Vachudova

    (Department of Political Science, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA)

Abstract

Support for Ukraine against Russian aggression has been strong across Europe, but it is far from uniform. An expert survey of the positions taken by political parties in 29 countries conducted mid-2023 reveals that 97 of 269 parties reject one or more of the following: providing weapons, hosting refugees, supporting Ukraine's path to European Union membership, or accepting higher energy costs. Where the perceived threat from Russia is most severe, we find the greatest levels of support for Ukraine. However, ideology appears to be far more influential. The level of a party's populist rhetoric and its European Union skepticism explain the bulk of variation in support for Ukraine despite our finding that many strongly populist and European Union-skeptical parties take moderate pro-Ukraine positions when in government.

Suggested Citation

  • Liesbet Hooghe & Gary Marks & Ryan Bakker & Seth Jolly & Jonathan Polk & Jan Rovny & Marco Steenbergen & Milada Anna Vachudova, 2024. "The Russian threat and the consolidation of the West: How populism and EU-skepticism shape party support for Ukraine," European Union Politics, , vol. 25(3), pages 459-482, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:eeupol:v:25:y:2024:i:3:p:459-482
    DOI: 10.1177/14651165241237136
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hooghe, Liesbet & Marks, Gary, 2009. "A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(1), pages 1-23, January.
    2. Nils D. Steiner & Ruxanda Berlinschi & Etienne Farvaque & Jan Fidrmuc & Philipp Harms & Alexander Mihailov & Michael Neugart & Piotr Stanek, 2023. "Rallying around the EU flag: Russia's invasion of Ukraine and attitudes toward European integration," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 283-301, March.
    3. Kai Gehring, 2022. "Can External Threats Foster a European Union Identity? Evidence from Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(644), pages 1489-1516.
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