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Symptom Clusters in Adults with Post-COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Author

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  • Janet L. Larson
  • Weijiao Zhou
  • Philip T. Veliz
  • Sheree Smith

Abstract

More than 100 symptoms have been reported for post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and this study aimed to organize self-reported symptoms by identifying symptom clusters. We used a cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 491 adults who reported experiencing prolonged symptoms of COVID. A list of 25 symptoms of post-COVID-19 was used to measure the symptoms, and exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to identify symptom clusters for people with symptoms lasting 5 to 8 weeks and 9 weeks or longer. Six symptom clusters were identified for each of the two groups, and five clusters were similar across both groups: respiratory, general viral, smell/taste, cognitive cardiac, and mental health. The >9-week group reported symptoms primarily from two factors: respiratory-muscular and mental health. Post-COVID-19 symptom clusters differ across timeframes. Symptom clusters were useful in establishing coherent patterns of multiple complex symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Janet L. Larson & Weijiao Zhou & Philip T. Veliz & Sheree Smith, 2023. "Symptom Clusters in Adults with Post-COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 32(8), pages 1071-1080, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:clnure:v:32:y:2023:i:8:p:1071-1080
    DOI: 10.1177/10547738231191655
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peng Gao & Jue Liu & Min Liu, 2022. "Effect of COVID-19 Vaccines on Reducing the Risk of Long COVID in the Real World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Viet-Thi Tran & Raphaël Porcher & Isabelle Pane & Philippe Ravaud, 2022. "Course of post COVID-19 disease symptoms over time in the ComPaRe long COVID prospective e-cohort," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Nicole H. Goldhaber & Jordan N. Kohn & William Scott Ogan & Amy Sitapati & Christopher A. Longhurst & Angela Wang & Susan Lee & Suzi Hong & Lucy E. Horton, 2022. "Deep Dive into the Long Haul: Analysis of Symptom Clusters and Risk Factors for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 to Inform Clinical Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.
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