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Pakistan’s Dependence and US Patronage: The Politics of ‘Limited Influence’

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  • Ahmed Waqas Waheed

Abstract

Despite having poured billions of dollars of aid into Pakistan’s economy and its military over the years, there is a general acceptability among scholars and policymakers that the United States exercises limited leverage in Pakistan. Although India remains the centrepiece in US–Pakistan policy divergences, US frustrations often stem from the ineffectiveness of its aid-for-leverage policy, especially given Pakistan’s dependence on US military assistance. The limited US influence in Pakistan can best be understood within the framework of patron–client relationship and arms dependence. If the theory suggests anything, it is that various factors including US and Pakistan’s behaviour contribute in channelling the relationship towards its apparent demise. Most important within these is China’s central role in helping Pakistan indigenize its military production and diversify its arms supply. In that sense, then, China has colluded with Pakistan in indirectly limiting US influence in Pakistan and the trend suggests that this collaboration will further reduce US leverage over Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Waqas Waheed, 2017. "Pakistan’s Dependence and US Patronage: The Politics of ‘Limited Influence’," Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, , vol. 4(1), pages 69-94, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:asseca:v:4:y:2017:i:1:p:69-94
    DOI: 10.1177/2347797016689220
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chaudhry, Mumtaz Anwar & Aman, Sughra, 2010. "Aid effectiveness in education sector of Pakistan," HWWI Research Papers 2-20, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
    2. Moon, Bruce E., 1985. "Consensus or compliance? Foreign-policy change and external dependence," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(2), pages 297-329, April.
    3. Barbara Elias, 2013. "America’s Missing Leverage in Afghanistan and Pakistan: a structural analysis," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(8), pages 1392-1408.
    4. Ayesha Siddiqa-Agha, 1999. "Pakistan's defense industry: An effort towards self-reliance?," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(4), pages 347-359.
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