IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/anname/v634y2011i1p78-97.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Including Oneself and Including Others: Who Belongs in My Country?

Author

Listed:
  • Jennifer L. Hochschild

    (Harvard University)

  • Charles Lang

    (Harvard Graduate School of Education)

Abstract

To be a full member of a country, must one have citizenship, the same ethnic or racial background, or the same religion as most citizens? What do people of different statuses believe about the criteria for inclusion? To answer these questions, the authors analyze the 2003 International Social Survey Programme survey on national identity, focusing on ten wealthy, democratic countries. They find a series of mismatches. A strong sense of being included is often coupled with a desire to exclude others. Countries with extreme public views are not always the countries with political controversy over inclusion. Views of citizens or members of the mainstream religion or race often differ from views of relative outsiders. Countries often cluster in ways that violate standard assumptions about geographic, cultural, or political affinities. Enjoying high status does not guarantee feeling included or seeking to include others. Given these mismatches, it is no surprise that politics and policies around inclusion are contentious, unstable, and fascinating.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer L. Hochschild & Charles Lang, 2011. "Including Oneself and Including Others: Who Belongs in My Country?," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 634(1), pages 78-97, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:634:y:2011:i:1:p:78-97
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716210388990
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002716210388990
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0002716210388990?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John E. Transue, 2007. "Identity Salience, Identity Acceptance, and Racial Policy Attitudes: American National Identity as a Uniting Force," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(1), pages 78-91, January.
    2. Davidov, Eldad, 2009. "Measurement Equivalence of Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism in the ISSP: 34 Countries in a Comparative Perspective," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(1), pages 64-82, January.
    3. Inglehart, Ronald & Norris, Pippa, 2009. "Muslim Integration into Western Cultures: Between Origins and Destinations," Working Paper Series rwp09-007, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    4. Inglehart, Ronald & Norris, Pippa, 2009. "Muslim Integration into Western Cultures: Between Origins and Destinations," Scholarly Articles 4481625, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mieke Maliepaard & Richard Alba, 2016. "Cultural Integration in the Muslim Second Generation in the Netherlands: The Case of Gender Ideology," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(1), pages 70-94, March.
    2. Michaela Potančoková & Sandra Jurasszovich & Anne Goujon, 2018. "Consequences of International Migration on the Size and Composition of Religious Groups in Austria," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 905-924, November.
    3. Bastiaan Bruinsma & Marlene Mußotter, 2023. "A Move Forward: Exploring National Identity Through Non-linear Principal Component Analysis in Germany," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 885-903, February.
    4. Julian Aichholzer & Sylvia Kritzinger & Carolina Plescia, 2021. "National identity profiles and support for the European Union," European Union Politics, , vol. 22(2), pages 293-315, June.
    5. Stéfanie André, 2014. "Does Trust Mean the Same for Migrants and Natives? Testing Measurement Models of Political Trust with Multi-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 115(3), pages 963-982, February.
    6. Willem E. Saris & André Pirralha & Diana Zavala-Rojas, 2018. "Testing the Comparability of Different Types of Social Indicators Across Groups," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 135(3), pages 927-939, February.
    7. Borisova, Ginka & Cowan, Arnold R., 2014. "Government asset sales, economic nationalism, and acquirer wealth effects," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 351-368.
    8. Desiree Steppat & Laia Castro Herrero & Frank Esser, 2020. "News Media Performance Evaluated by National Audiences: How Media Environments and User Preferences Matter," Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(3), pages 321-334.
    9. Ellen Quintelier & Yves Dejaeghere, 2008. "Does European Citizenship Increase Tolerance in Young People?," European Union Politics, , vol. 9(3), pages 339-362, September.
    10. Blaine G. Robbins, 2022. "Measuring Generalized Trust: Two New Approaches," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 51(1), pages 305-356, February.
    11. Marlene Mußotter, 2022. "We do not measure what we aim to measure: Testing Three Measurement Models for Nationalism and Patriotism," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2177-2197, August.
    12. Sebastian Tocar, 2022. "Cultural Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment: Nationalist-Xenophobic Attitudes," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 8(2).
    13. Alessandro Indelicato & Juan Carlos Martín, 2022. "Are Citizens Credentialist or Post-Nationalists? A Fuzzy-Eco Apostle Model Applied to National Identity," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, June.
    14. Nils D. Steiner & Philipp Harms, 2020. "Local Trade Shocks and the Nationalist Backlash in Political Attitudes: Panel Data Evidence from Great Britain," Working Papers 2014, Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
    15. Gal Ariely & Eldad Davidov, 2011. "Can we Rate Public Support for Democracy in a Comparable Way? Cross-National Equivalence of Democratic Attitudes in the World Value Survey," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 104(2), pages 271-286, November.
    16. Yu, Shubin & Hu, Yangjuan, 2020. "When luxury brands meet China: The effect of localized celebrity endorsements in social media marketing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    17. Leininger, Julia & Burchi, Francesco & Fiedler, Charlotte & Mross, Karina & Nowack, Daniel & von Schiller, Armin & Sommer, Christoph & Strupat, Christoph & Ziaja, Sebastian, 2021. "Social cohesion: A new definition and a proposal for its measurement in Africa," IDOS Discussion Papers 31/2021, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), revised 2021.
    18. Robert Harmel & Chen Shen & Yao‐Yuan Yeh, 2022. "Understanding Chinese nationalism: Does location matter?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 103(3), pages 670-685, May.
    19. Johanna Hornung & Nils C. Bandelow & Colette S. Vogeler, 2019. "Social identities in the policy process," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 52(2), pages 211-231, June.
    20. Alexander Mohr & Christian Schumacher, 2019. "The Contingent Effect of Patriotic Rhetoric on Firm Performance," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(2), pages 94-110, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:634:y:2011:i:1:p:78-97. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.