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Measurement Equivalence of Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism in the ISSP: 34 Countries in a Comparative Perspective

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  • Davidov, Eldad

Abstract

Studies on national identity differentiate between nationalistic attitudes and constructive patriotism (CP) as two more specific expressions of national identity and as theoretically two distinct concepts. After a brief discussion of the theoretical literature, the following questions are examined: (1) Can nationalism and CP be empirically identified as two distinct concepts?; (2) Is their meaning fully or partially invariant across countries?; and (3) Is it possible to compare their means across countries? Data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2003 National Identity Module are utilized to answer these questions in a sample of 34 countries. Items to measure nationalism and CP are chosen based on the literature, and a series of confirmatory factor analyses to test for configural, measurement (metric), and scalar invariance are performed. Full or partial metric invariance is a necessary condition for equivalence of meaning across cultures and for a meaningful comparison of associations with other theoretical constructs. Scalar invariance is a necessary condition for comparison of means across countries. Findings reveal that nationalism and CP emerge as two distinct constructs. However, in some countries, some items that were intended to measure one construct also measure the other construct. Furthermore, configural and metric invariance are found across the full set of 34 countries. Consequently, researchers may now use the ISSP data to study relationships among nationalism, CP, and other theoretical constructs across these nations. However, the analysis did not support scalar invariance, making it problematic for comparing the means of nationalism and CP across countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Davidov, Eldad, 2009. "Measurement Equivalence of Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism in the ISSP: 34 Countries in a Comparative Perspective," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(1), pages 64-82, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:polals:v:17:y:2009:i:01:p:64-82_00
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    4. Blaine G. Robbins, 2022. "Measuring Generalized Trust: Two New Approaches," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 51(1), pages 305-356, February.
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    7. Borisova, Ginka & Cowan, Arnold R., 2014. "Government asset sales, economic nationalism, and acquirer wealth effects," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 351-368.
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    9. Douglas Dow & Ilya R. P. Cuypers, 2024. "The influence of societal nationalist sentiment on trade flows," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 64-98, March.
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    12. Elena Olegovna Kuzina & Natalia Vladimirovna Kolosova & Anna Georgievna Sanina, 0. "The Implementation of Youth Social Programs for Patriotic Education Citizens of Russian Federation: Experience of Saint-Petersburg," Administrative Consulting, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. North-West Institute of Management., issue 5.
    13. Shang Ha & Seung-Jin Jang, 2015. "National Identity, National Pride, and Happiness: The Case of South Korea," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 121(2), pages 471-482, April.
    14. Marlene Mußotter, 2022. "We do not measure what we aim to measure: Testing Three Measurement Models for Nationalism and Patriotism," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2177-2197, August.
    15. Jennifer L. Hochschild & Charles Lang, 2011. "Including Oneself and Including Others: Who Belongs in My Country?," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 634(1), pages 78-97, March.
    16. Eldad Davidov & Hermann Dülmer & Jan Cieciuch & Anabel Kuntz & Daniel Seddig & Peter Schmidt, 2018. "Explaining Measurement Nonequivalence Using Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 47(4), pages 729-760, November.
    17. Paola Annoni & Nicholas Charron, 2019. "Measurement Assessment in Cross-Country Comparative Analysis: Rasch Modelling on a Measure of Institutional Quality," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 141(1), pages 31-60, January.
    18. Alexander Mohr & Christian Schumacher, 2019. "The Contingent Effect of Patriotic Rhetoric on Firm Performance," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(2), pages 94-110, June.
    19. Harms, Philipp & Steiner, Nils, 2019. "The China Shock and the Nationalist Backlash against Globalization: Attitudinal Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203506, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    20. Robert Harmel & Chen Shen & Yao‐Yuan Yeh, 2022. "Understanding Chinese nationalism: Does location matter?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 103(3), pages 670-685, May.
    21. Willem E. Saris & André Pirralha & Diana Zavala-Rojas, 2018. "Testing the Comparability of Different Types of Social Indicators Across Groups," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 135(3), pages 927-939, February.
    22. Antonio Fernández-Cano & Elvira Curiel-Marin & Manuel Torralbo-Rodríguez & Mónica Vallejo-Ruiz, 2018. "Questioning the Shanghai Ranking methodology as a tool for the evaluation of universities: an integrative review," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 116(3), pages 2069-2083, September.
    23. Bastiaan Bruinsma & Marlene Mußotter, 2023. "A Move Forward: Exploring National Identity Through Non-linear Principal Component Analysis in Germany," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 885-903, February.
    24. Sebastian Tocar, 2022. "Cultural Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment: Nationalist-Xenophobic Attitudes," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 8(2).
    25. Yu, Shubin & Hu, Yangjuan, 2020. "When luxury brands meet China: The effect of localized celebrity endorsements in social media marketing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).

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