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Fraud Risk Factors of Fraud Triangle and the Likelihood of Fraud Occurrence: Evidence from Malaysia

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  • Shabnam Fazli Aghghaleh
  • Zakiah Muhammaddun Mohamed

Abstract

The current research studies the usefulness of Cressey’s fraud risk factor framework adopted from SAS No. 99 to prevent fraud from occurring. In accordance with Cressey’s theory, pressure, opportunity and rationalization are existing when fraud occurs. The study suggests variables as proxy measures for pressure and opportunity, and test these variables using publicly available information relating to a set of fraud firms and a sample of no-fraud firms. Two pressure proxies and two opportunity proxies are identified and suggested to be significantly related to financial statement fraud. We find that leverage and sale to account receivable are positively related to the likelihood of fraud. Audit committee size and board of directors’ size are also linked to decrease the level of financial statement fraud. A binary logistic model based on examples of fraud risk factors of fraud triangle model measures the likelihood of financial statement fraud and can assist experts.

Suggested Citation

  • Shabnam Fazli Aghghaleh & Zakiah Muhammaddun Mohamed, 2014. "Fraud Risk Factors of Fraud Triangle and the Likelihood of Fraud Occurrence: Evidence from Malaysia," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 6(1), pages 1-7.
    • Handle: RePEc:rnd:arimbr:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:1-7
    DOI: 10.22610/imbr.v6i1.1095
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Said, Jamaliah & Asry, Salsabila & Rafidi, Marhamah & Obaid, Rawia Rida & Alam, Md. Mahmudul, 2019. "Integrating Religiosity into Fraud Triangle Theory: Empirical Findings from Enforcement Officers," SocArXiv wcyg4, Center for Open Science.
    2. Rabi’u Abdullahi & Noorhayati Mansor, 2015. "Fraud Triangle Theory and Fraud Diamond Theory. Understanding the Convergent and Divergent For Future Research," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 5(4), pages 38-45, October.
    3. A. N. Adi & Z. Baridwan & E. Mardiati, 2018. "Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage and Corporate Governance Impact on Financial Statement Fraud and Financial Distress as Intervening Variable," Вестник Киевского национального университета имени Тараса Шевченко. Экономика., Socionet;Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, vol. 5(200), pages 66-74.
    4. Namrata Sandhu & Shefali Saluja, 2023. "Fraud Triangle as an Audit Tool," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 48(3), pages 418-443, August.

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