IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rmk/rmkbae/v9y2022i2p15-35.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tax Revenue and Economic Growth Nexus in Ghana: Co-integration and Granger causality Test

Author

Listed:
  • John MacCarthy
  • Paul Muda
  • Prince Sunu

Abstract

The paper sought to assess the taxes and economic growth nexus in Ghana. The study used annual time-series data collected from 1972 to 2019. The study used the Johansen Co-integration technique, vector error correction model, and Granger causality test to assess the causal relationship between tax revenue and economic growth in Ghana. The Co-integration test was used to establish the long-run relationship. In contrast, the Granger Causality test was used to establish the short-run relationship between the variables used in the model. The study revealed that the model has a speed of adjustment of 61.4% to restore the short-run relationship to the long-run equilibrium path. Furthermore, the study found a unidirectional relationship between tax revenue variables and economic growth. Again, the study found support for a positive and significant nexus between direct tax revenue and economic growth and a significant and negative nexus between indirect tax revenue and economic growth. Based on the results, the study recommends that the government tax policy move gradually from indirect tax revenue concentration to direct tax revenue to finance development programs to sustain economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • John MacCarthy & Paul Muda & Prince Sunu, 2022. "Tax Revenue and Economic Growth Nexus in Ghana: Co-integration and Granger causality Test," Bulletin of Applied Economics, Risk Market Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 15-35.
    • Handle: RePEc:rmk:rmkbae:v:9:y:2022:i:2:p:15-35
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.riskmarket.co.uk/bae/journals-articles/issues/tax-revenue-and-economic-growth-nexus-in-ghana-co-integration-and-granger-causality-test/?download=attachment.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Adusei, 2013. "Finance-Growth Nexus in Africa: A Panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Analysis," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(10), pages 1314-1324.
    2. Helmut Lütkepohl, 2005. "New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-540-27752-1, April.
    3. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    4. Christina D. Romer & David H. Romer, 2010. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(3), pages 763-801, June.
    5. Jorge Martinez-Vazquez & Violeta Vulovic & Yongzheng Liu, 2011. "Direct versus Indirect Taxation: Trends, Theory, and Economic Significance," Chapters, in: Emilio Albi & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (ed.), The Elgar Guide to Tax Systems, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Peter Okoeguale Ibadin & Adesina Olugoke Oladipupo, 2015. "Indirect Taxes And Economic Growth In Nigeria," Economic Thought and Practice, Department of Economics and Business, University of Dubrovnik, vol. 24(2), pages 345-364, december.
    7. Gbato, Andre, 2017. "Impact of taxation on growth in Subsaharan Africa: new evidence based on a new data set," MPRA Paper 80903, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Barro, Robert J, 1990. "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 103-126, October.
    9. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David N. Weil, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 407-437.
    10. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    11. Mehmet Serkan Tosun & Sohrab Abizadeh, 2005. "Economic growth and tax components: an analysis of tax changes in OECD," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(19), pages 2251-2263.
    12. Georgios Karras & Davide Furceri, 2009. "Taxes and Growth in Europe," South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, Association of Economic Universities of South and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region, vol. 7(2), pages 181-204.
    13. Mawejje, Joseph & Munyambonera, Ezra, 2016. "Tax Revenue Effects of Sectoral Growth and Public Expenditure in Uganda," Research Series 234555, Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC).
    14. Michael Adusei, 2013. "Finance-Growth Nexus in Africa: A Panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Analysis," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(10), pages 1314-1324, October.
    15. repec:ers:journl:v:vi:y:2018:i:2:p:56-67 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Robert J. Barro & Charles J. Redlick, 2011. "Macroeconomic Effects From Government Purchases and Taxes," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 126(1), pages 51-102.
    17. Xing, Jing, 2012. "Tax structure and growth: How robust is the empirical evidence?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 379-382.
    18. Jarita Duasa, 2007. "Determinants of Malaysian Trade Balance: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(1), pages 89-102.
    19. Hlalefang Khobai & Khumbuzile Dladla, 2018. "The impact of taxation on economic growth in South Africa," Working Papers 1818, Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela University.
    20. Engen, Eric M. & Skinner, Jonathan, 1996. "Taxation and Economic Growth," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 49(4), pages 617-642, December.
    21. Adu Frank & Ohene-Manu Joseph & Ishmael Ackah, 2014. "Government Expenditures and Economic Growth dynamics in Ghana," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 2(5), pages 180-190, May.
    22. Dackehag , Margareta & Hansson, Åsa, 2012. "Taxation of Income and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of 25 Rich OECD Countries," Working Papers 2012:6, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    23. Khobai, Hlalefang, 2018. "The causal linkages between renewable electricity generation and economic growth in South Africa," MPRA Paper 86485, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
    25. Barry W. Poulson & Jules Gordon Kaplan, 2008. "State Income Taxes and Economic Growth," Cato Journal, Cato Journal, Cato Institute, vol. 28(1), pages 53-71, Winter.
    26. Hlalefang Khobai, 2018. "The causal links between renewable electricity generation and economic growth in South Africa," Working Papers 1821, Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela University.
    27. Joseph Mawejje & Ezra Francis Munyambonera, 2016. "Tax Revenue Effects of Sectoral Growth and Public Expenditure in Uganda," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 84(4), pages 538-554, December.
    28. Lucas, Robert E, Jr & Rapping, Leonard A, 1969. "Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 77(5), pages 721-754, Sept./Oct.
    29. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alfò, Marco & Carbonari, Lorenzo & Trovato, Giovanni, 2023. "On the effects of taxation on growth: an empirical assessment," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(5), pages 1289-1318, July.
    2. Durusu-Ciftci, Dilek & Gokmenoglu, Korhan K. & Yetkiner, Hakan, 2018. "The heterogeneous impact of taxation on economic development: New insights from a panel cointegration approach," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 503-513.
    3. Wisdom Takumah & Bernard Njindan Iyke, 2017. "The links between economic growth and tax revenue in Ghana: an empirical investigation," International Journal of Sustainable Economy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(1), pages 34-55.
    4. Touray, Alfusainey & Jahateh, Ndey, 2024. "Tax Revenue And Economic Growth Nexus in The Gambia: Evidence From The ARDL Model," MPRA Paper 121588, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Yadawananda Neog & Achal Kumar Gaur, 2020. "Tax structure and economic growth: a study of selected Indian states," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Joseph Mawejje, 2024. "Government expenditure, informality, and economic growth: Evidence from Eastern and Southern African countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 36(1), pages 125-138, March.
    7. Shahzad AHMAD* & Maqbool H. SIAL** & Nisar AHMAD***, 2018. "INDIRECT TAXES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 28(1), pages 65-81.
    8. Andrew Phiri & Chuma Mbaleki & Christian Nsiah, 2022. "Fiscal expenditures, revenues and labour productivity in South Africa," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2062912-206, December.
    9. Yaya KEHO, 2011. "Tax Structure and Economic Growth in Cote dIvoire: Are Some Taxes Better Than Others?," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 1(4), pages 226-235, December.
    10. Cyril, Chimilila, 2018. "Domestic Resource Mobilization and Long Term Economic Growth in Tanzania," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 6(1), January.
    11. Emile AIFA, 2024. "Taxation and Economic Growth in Benin: Does the Rate “eat†the Base?," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26.
    12. Martin Zagler & Georg Dürnecker, 2003. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(3), pages 397-418, July.
    13. Themba G Chirwa & NM Odhiambo, 2019. "An Empirical Test Of Exogenous Growth Models: Evidence From Three Southern African Countries," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 64(220), pages 7-38, January –.
    14. Otto Brøns-Petersen, 2017. "30 Years of Tax Reforms: How Much Impact on Danish Growth?," Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions, in: Dimitrios D. Thomakos & Konstantinos I. Nikolopoulos (ed.), Taxation in Crisis, chapter 6, pages 121-144, Palgrave Macmillan.
    15. Hatice KÜÇÜKKAYA, 2017. "EUREFE’17 International Conference," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 343-344, September.
    16. Yasin Kuso & Muhia John Gachunga, 2019. "Impact of Tax Structures on Growth in Congo, Brazzaville," Academic Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy Bucharest,"Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University Bucharest, vol. 5(2), pages 108-113, June.
    17. Sawadogo, Ibrahim, 2019. "Fiscal revenues and macroeconomic effects : case of Burkina Faso," MPRA Paper 97287, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Heinz Handler & Andreas Knabe & Bertrand Koebel & Margit Schratzenstaller-Altzinger & Sven Wehke, 2005. "The Impact of Public Budgets on Overall Productivity Growth," WIFO Working Papers 255, WIFO.
    19. Kalaš Branimir & Mirović Vera & Andrašić Jelena, 2017. "Estimating the Impact of Taxes on the Economic Growth in the United States," Economic Themes, Sciendo, vol. 55(4), pages 481-499, December.
    20. Emilian DOBRESCU, 2016. "Controversies over the Size of the Public Budget," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 5-34, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rmk:rmkbae:v:9:y:2022:i:2:p:15-35. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.riskmarket.co.uk/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.