IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rmk/rmkbae/v9y2022i1p19-25.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Trend is Your Friend: A Note on An Ensemble Learning Approach to Finding It

Author

Listed:
  • Tzu-Pu Chang
  • Yu-Cheng Chang
  • Po-Ching Chou

Abstract

The essential goal of trend-following investing is to precisely identify where the uptrend and downtrend are located. This paper thus provides a two-layer stacking technique, which is a novel ensemble learning approach, to predict such trends for the Taiwan Top 50 ETF. The proposed stacking technique stacks the predictors of support vector machine (SVM), multi-layer perception (MLP), adaptive boosting (Adaboost), and extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost), presenting empirical results whereby following the trends obtained from the stacking technique can generate positive returns and beat both conventional moving-average crossover and buy-and-hold strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Tzu-Pu Chang & Yu-Cheng Chang & Po-Ching Chou, 2022. "The Trend is Your Friend: A Note on An Ensemble Learning Approach to Finding It," Bulletin of Applied Economics, Risk Market Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 19-25.
    • Handle: RePEc:rmk:rmkbae:v:9:y:2022:i:1:p:19-25
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.riskmarket.co.uk/bae/journals-articles/issues/the-trend-is-your-friend-a-note-on-an-ensemble-learning-approach-to-finding-it/?download=attachment.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emilio Colombo & Gianfranco Forte & Roberto Rossignoli, 2019. "Carry Trade Returns with Support Vector Machines," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 19(3), pages 483-504, September.
    2. Clare, Andrew & Seaton, James & Smith, Peter N. & Thomas, Stephen, 2016. "The trend is our friend: Risk parity, momentum and trend following in global asset allocation," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 63-80.
    3. Christopher J. Neely & David E. Rapach & Jun Tu & Guofu Zhou, 2014. "Forecasting the Equity Risk Premium: The Role of Technical Indicators," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(7), pages 1772-1791, July.
    4. Chen, Shiu-Sheng, 2009. "Predicting the bear stock market: Macroeconomic variables as leading indicators," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 211-223, February.
    5. Mahendra Raj & David Thurston, 1996. "Effectiveness of simple technical trading rules in the Hong Kong futures markets," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 33-36.
    6. Menkhoff, Lukas, 2010. "The use of technical analysis by fund managers: International evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2573-2586, November.
    7. Nyberg, Henri, 2013. "Predicting bear and bull stock markets with dynamic binary time series models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3351-3363.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Haase, Felix & Neuenkirch, Matthias, 2023. "Predictability of bull and bear markets: A new look at forecasting stock market regimes (and returns) in the US," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 587-605.
    2. Hubert Dichtl, 2020. "Investing in the S&P 500 index: Can anything beat the buy‐and‐hold strategy?," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(2), pages 352-378, April.
    3. Kuntz, Laura-Chloé, 2020. "Beta dispersion and market timing," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 235-256.
    4. Efthymios Pavlidis & Alisa Yusupova & Ivan Paya & David Peel & Enrique Martínez-García & Adrienne Mack & Valerie Grossman, 2016. "Episodes of Exuberance in Housing Markets: In Search of the Smoking Gun," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 419-449, November.
    5. Ikhlaas Gurrib & Mohammad Nourani & Rajesh Kumar Bhaskaran, 2022. "Energy crypto currencies and leading U.S. energy stock prices: are Fibonacci retracements profitable?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-27, December.
    6. Linh Nguyen & Vilém Novák & Soheyla Mirshahi, 2020. "Trend‐cycle Estimation Using Fuzzy Transform and Its Application for Identifying Bull and Bear Phases in Markets," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 111-124, July.
    7. Fernandez-Perez, Adrian & Fernández-Rodríguez, Fernando & Sosvilla-Rivero, Simón, 2014. "The term structure of interest rates as predictor of stock returns: Evidence for the IBEX 35 during a bear market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 21-33.
    8. Ikhlaas Gurrib & Firuz Kamalov & Elgilani Elshareif, 2021. "Can the Leading US Energy Stock Prices be Predicted using the Ichimoku Cloud?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 41-51.
    9. Chen, Nan-Kuang & Chen, Shiu-Sheng & Chou, Yu-Hsi, 2017. "Further evidence on bear market predictability: The role of the external finance premium," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 106-121.
    10. Damir Tokic & Dave Jackson, 2023. "When a correction turns into a bear market: What explains the depth of the stock market drawdown? A discretionary global macro approach," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(3), pages 184-197, May.
    11. Caginalp, Gunduz & DeSantis, Mark, 2020. "Nonlinear price dynamics of S&P 100 stocks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 547(C).
    12. Keith S. K. Lam & Liang Dong & Bo Yu, 2019. "Value Premium and Technical Analysis: Evidence from the China Stock Market," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-21, September.
    13. Borjigin, Sumuya & Yang, Yating & Yang, Xiaoguang & Sun, Leilei, 2018. "Econometric testing on linear and nonlinear dynamic relation between stock prices and macroeconomy in China," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 493(C), pages 107-115.
    14. Gradojevic, Nikola & Kukolj, Dragan & Adcock, Robert & Djakovic, Vladimir, 2023. "Forecasting Bitcoin with technical analysis: A not-so-random forest?," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 1-17.
    15. Nyberg, Henri & Pönkä, Harri, 2016. "International sign predictability of stock returns: The role of the United States," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 323-338.
    16. Faria, Gonçalo & Verona, Fabio, 2018. "The equity risk premium and the low frequency of the term spread," Research Discussion Papers 7/2018, Bank of Finland.
    17. Ibrahim Filiz & Jan René Judek & Marco Lorenz & Markus Spiwoks, 2021. "Sticky Stock Market Analysts," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-27, December.
    18. Hung, Chiayu & Lai, Hung-Neng, 2022. "Information asymmetry and the profitability of technical analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    19. Farias Nazário, Rodolfo Toríbio & e Silva, Jéssica Lima & Sobreiro, Vinicius Amorim & Kimura, Herbert, 2017. "A literature review of technical analysis on stock markets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 115-126.
    20. Ikhlaas Gurrib, 2022. "Technical Analysis, Energy Cryptos and Energy Equity Markets," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(2), pages 249-267, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Trend-following investing; Stacking technique; Ensemble learning; Machine learning; Taiwan Top 50 ETF;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C02 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Mathematical Economics
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rmk:rmkbae:v:9:y:2022:i:1:p:19-25. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.riskmarket.co.uk/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.