IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/ecoint/0876.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exchange Rate Volatility and its Impact on China's Trade with the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Upadhyaya, Kamal

    (Department of Economics and Business Analytics, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut, USA)

  • Bhandari, Rabindra

    (Department of Business and Economics, Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, USA)

  • Mixon, Franklin G. JR.

    (Center for Economic Education, Columbus State University, Columbus, Georgia, USA)

Abstract

Within the last few decades China has emerged as the largest trading partner of the United States. Today, there is a growing pressure on China from the U.S. to move China into a fully floating and convertible exchange regime, a move that is likely to make China’s currency more volatile, leading to greater exchange rate risk in international commerce. This paper is the first to investigate the effect of exchange rate volatility on China’s trade with the U.S. In particular, we estimate and analyze the effect of RMB volatility in both China's exports to the USA as well as imports from the United States. Using quarterly time series data from 1994 to 2017, results suggest that real depreciation of the Chinese yuan is negatively related with China’s exports to, and imports from, the United States. Likewise, an increase in the U.S. income boosts China’s exports to the United States, while an increase in domestic output (i.e., Chinese real GDP) boosts China’s imports from the U.S. As such, exchange rate volatility appears to have a negative effect on both exports and imports in China (vis-à-vis the U.S.), a result we attribute to the prevalence of risk averseness among the firms engaging in international trade in both countries. La volatilità del tasso di cambio ed il suo impatto sul commercio tra Cina e Stati Uniti Negli ultimi decenni la Cina è diventata uno dei maggiori partner commerciali degli Stati Uniti. Attualmente gli USA fanno molta pressione affinché la Cina modifichi il suo regime di cambio passando ad un sistema convertibile fluttuante, il che renderebbe la valuta cinese più volatile,con conseguente aumento del rischio di cambio nel commercio internazionale. In questo articolo si analizza l’effetto della volatilità del remimbi sia sulle esportazioni cinesi verso gli USA che sulle importazioni dagli USA. Utilizzando serie di dati quadrimestrali dal 1994 al 2017 i risultati suggeriscono che il deprezzamento reale dello yuan cinese è correlato negativamente alle esportazioni cinesi verso gli USA ed alle importazioni cinesi dagli USA. Allo stesso modo, un aumento del reddito negli USA fa aumentare le importazioni cinesi dagli Stati Uniti. Come tale, la volatilità del tasso di cambio sembra avere un effetto negativo sia sull’export che sull’import in Cina (verso/da gli USA) – risultato che riteniamo dover attribuire all’avversione al rischio che caratterizza le aziende che operano nel commercio internazionale di entrambi i paesi.

Suggested Citation

  • Upadhyaya, Kamal & Bhandari, Rabindra & Mixon, Franklin G. JR., 2020. "Exchange Rate Volatility and its Impact on China's Trade with the United States," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 73(3), pages 373-388.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0876
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.iei1946.it/upload/rivista_articoli/allegati/349_upadhyaya-et-al-ricfinalaugust-2020.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jérôme Héricourt & Sandra Poncet, 2015. "Exchange Rate Volatility, Financial Constraints, and Trade: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Firms," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 550-578.
    2. Longjiang Chen, 2011. "The effect of China's RMB exchange rate movement on its agricultural export," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 3(1), pages 26-41, February.
    3. Christine Sauer & Alok K. Bohara, 2001. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: Regional Differences between Developing and Industrialized Countries," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(1), pages 133-152, February.
    4. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    5. Michel Demers, 1991. "Investment under Uncertainty, Irreversibility and the Arrival of Information Over Time," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 333-350.
    6. Chowdhury, Abdur R, 1993. "Does Exchange Rate Volatility Depress Trade Flows? Evidence from Error-Correction Models," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 75(4), pages 700-706, November.
    7. Phillips, Peter C B, 1988. "Regression Theory for Near-Integrated Time Series," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 56(5), pages 1021-1043, September.
    8. repec:hal:pseose:halshs-00960664 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Kamal P. Upadhyaya & Dharmendra Dhakal & Franklin G. Mixon, Jr., 2020. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: Some New Estimates From the Asean-5," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 54(1), pages 65-73, January-M.
    10. George Hondroyiannis & P.A.V.B. Swamy & George Tavlas & Michael Ulan, 2008. "Some Further Evidence on Exchange-Rate Volatility and Exports," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 144(1), pages 151-180, April.
    11. Michael D. McKenzie, 1999. "The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on International Trade Flows," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(1), pages 71-106, February.
    12. repec:bla:reviec:v:9:y:2001:i:1:p:133-52 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Myint Moe Chit & Marian Rizov & Dirk Willenbockel, 2010. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: New Empirical Evidence from the Emerging East Asian Economies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 239-263, February.
    14. Zhang, Zhichao, 2001. "China's Exchange Rate Reform and Exports," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 34(1-2), pages 89-112.
    15. Nishimura, Yusaku & Hirayama, Kenjiro, 2013. "Does exchange rate volatility deter Japan-China trade? Evidence from pre- and post-exchange rate reform in China," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 25, pages 90-101.
    16. Brodsky, David A., 1984. "Fixed versus flexible exchange rates and the measurement of exchange rate instability," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(3-4), pages 295-306, May.
    17. Aristotelous, Kyriacos, 2001. "Exchange-rate volatility, exchange-rate regime, and trade volume: evidence from the UK-US export function (1889-1999)," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 87-94, July.
    18. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-1580, November.
    19. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    20. Longjiang Chen, 2011. "The effect of China's RMB exchange rate movement on its agricultural export: A case study of export to Japan," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 26-41, January.
    21. Sidheswar Panda & Ranjan Kumar Mohanty, 2015. "Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Exports: Evidence from India," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(1), pages 305-312.
    22. Bailey, Martin J. & Tavlas, George S. & Ulan, Michael, 1987. "The impact of exchange-rate volatility on export growth: Some theoretical considerations and empirical results," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 225-243.
    23. repec:wsr:wpaper:y:2013:i:112 is not listed on IDEAS
    24. Franke, Gunter, 1991. "Exchange rate volatility and international trading strategy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 292-307, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jia Xu & Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee & Huseyin Karamelikli, 2022. "On the link between U.S.‐China commodity trade and exchange rate uncertainty: An asymmetric analysis," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 87-137, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Erdal Demirhan & Banu Demirhan, 2015. "The Dynamic Effect of ExchangeRate Volatility on Turkish Exports: Parsimonious Error-Correction Model Approach," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 62(4), pages 429-451, September.
    2. Jonathan M. Chipili, 2013. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows in Zambia," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 25(1), pages 55-66, March.
    3. Rümeysa ÇELİK, 2018. "The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Export: The Case of Turkey (1995-2017)," Istanbul Journal of Economics-Istanbul Iktisat Dergisi, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 68(1), pages 181-180, June.
    4. Yusaku Nishimura & Bianxia Sun, 2018. "China’s Exchange-Rate Regime Reform and Trade Between China and the Eurozone," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(2), pages 450-467, January.
    5. Kamal P. Upadhyaya & Dharmendra Dhakal & Franklin G. Mixon, Jr., 2020. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: Some New Estimates From the Asean-5," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 54(1), pages 65-73, January-M.
    6. Bajo-Rubio, Oscar & Berke, Burcu & McMillan, David G., 2020. "Exchange rate volatility in the eurozone," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 14, pages 1-23.
    7. Nishimura, Yusaku & Hirayama, Kenjiro, 2013. "Does exchange rate volatility deter Japan-China trade? Evidence from pre- and post-exchange rate reform in China," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 25, pages 90-101.
    8. repec:hum:wpaper:sfb649dp2007-042 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Mauricio Vaz Lobo Bittencourt & Paula Andrea Mosquera Agudelo, 2021. "The impacts of the exchange rate volatility on colombian trade with its main trade partners," EconoQuantum, Revista de Economia y Finanzas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas, Departamento de Metodos Cuantitativos y Maestria en Economia., vol. 18(2), pages 57-81, Julio-Dic.
    10. Chandan Sharma, 2019. "Exchange rate volatility and exports from India: a commodity-level panel data analysis," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(1), pages 23-44, June.
    11. Myint Moe Chit & Marian Rizov & Dirk Willenbockel, 2010. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: New Empirical Evidence from the Emerging East Asian Economies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 239-263, February.
    12. Gabriel Pino & Dilara Tas & Subhash C. Sharma, 2016. "An investigation of the effects of exchange rate volatility on exports in East Asia," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(26), pages 2397-2411, June.
    13. Don Bredin & Stilianos Fountas & Eithne Murphy, 2003. "An Empirical Analysis of Short-run and Long-run Irish Export Functions: Does exchange rate volatility matter?," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 193-208.
    14. Choudhry, Taufiq, 2005. "Exchange rate volatility and the United States exports: evidence from Canada and Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 51-71, March.
    15. Tunc, Cengiz & Solakoglu, M. Nihat, 2017. "Not all firms react the same to exchange rate volatility? A firm level study," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 417-430.
    16. Lal, Madan & Kumar, Satish & Pandey, Dharen Kumar & Rai, Varun Kumar & Lim, Weng Marc, 2023. "Exchange rate volatility and international trade," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    17. Ronald MacDonald, 2000. "The role of the exchange rate in economic growth: a euro-zone perspective," Working Paper Research 09, National Bank of Belgium.
    18. Hasanov Akram, 2011. "Exchange rate risk and trade flows: the case of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine," EERC Working Paper Series 11/09e, EERC Research Network, Russia and CIS.
    19. Gabriela Mordecki & Ronald Miranda, 2019. "Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: A Study for Four Selected Commodity Exporting Countries," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 66(4), pages 411-437.
    20. Smallwood, Aaron D., 2019. "Analyzing exchange rate uncertainty and bilateral export growth in China: A multivariate GARCH-based approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 332-344.
    21. Gor A. Khachatryan & Aleksandr Grigoryan, 2020. "Export Growth Dynamics and Real Exchange Rate: Evidence from Armenia," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 493-509, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exchange Rate Volatility; Exports; Imports; China; USA;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0876. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Angela Procopio (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cacogit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.