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The Effect of Oil Prices on Unemployment: Evidence from Pakistan

Author

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  • Ahmad, Fawad

    (Iqra National University)

Abstract

A developing country like Pakistan is heavily dependent on the oil as inputs for almost every industrial sector therefore increase in oil prices, increases inputs cost, consequently increasing production costs and unemployment rate. Existing literature has mostly focused on the relationship between unemployment and oil prices of developed countries, the current study used the data from developing country Pakistan to investigate the relationship between oil prices and unemployment. The current study used monthly data from the period 1991:01–2010:12, making 238 observations of each variable for analysis and employed Toda Yamamoto causality test. The results of current study suggested the significant effect of oil prices on unemployment but found no significant association between real interest rate and unemployment, thus findings of current study are partially consistent with the efficiency wage model. Furthermore, results suggest that real oil prices cause significant changes in the real interest rate in Pakistan. It can be concluded from the results that oil prices can be used in long run to improve the forecasting of unemployment and real interest rate.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad, Fawad, 2013. "The Effect of Oil Prices on Unemployment: Evidence from Pakistan," Business and Economics Research Journal, Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 4(1), pages 1-43, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:buecrj:0109
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    Cited by:

    1. Aziza Syzdykova & Aktolkin Abubakirova & Lyazzat Kudabayeva & Ardak Zhantayeva & Aizhan Omarova, 2022. "Asymmetric Causality Relationship between Oil Prices and Inflation in BRIC Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(3), pages 184-191, May.
    2. Debbie Christine & Winwin Yadiati & Nunuy Nur Afiah & Tettet Fitrijanti, 2019. "The Relationship of Environmental Management Accounting, Environmental Strategy and Managerial Commitment with Environmental Performance and Economic Performance," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 458-464.
    3. Akinlo A. Enisan, 2020. "Asymmetric impacts of oil price shocks on unemployment: Evidence from Nigeria," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 12(1), pages 63-78, June.
    4. repec:eco:journ2:2017-04-09 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Hasan Dinçer & Serhat Yüksel & Fatih Pınarbaşı & Mehmet Ali Alhan, 2020. "Risky Financial Assets in Financial Integration and the Impacts of Derivatives on Banking Returns," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Stéphane Goutte & Khaled Guesmi (ed.), Risk Factors and Contagion in Commodity Markets and Stocks Markets, chapter 6, pages 133-159, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Shahriyar Mukhtarov & Sannur Aliyev & Javid Zeynalov, 2020. "The Effects of Oil Prices on Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from Azerbaijan," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 72-80.
    7. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Zafar Ahmad Sultan & Nawaz Ahmad, 2017. "Oil Price and Employment Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(3), pages 277-281.
    8. Isiaka Akande Raifu & Alarudeen Aminu & Abiodun O. Folawewo, 2020. "Investigating the relationship between changes in oil prices and unemployment rate in Nigeria: linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approaches," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    9. Priyanshi Gupta & Anurag Goyal, 2015. "Impact of oil price fluctuations on Indian economy," OPEC Energy Review, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, vol. 39(2), pages 141-161, June.
    10. Zhang, Xi-Xi & Liu, Lu, 2020. "The time-varying causal relationship between oil price and unemployment: Evidence from the U.S. and China (EGY 118745)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    11. Hanif, Abu & Salah Uddin, Muhammad & Bakirtas, Tahsin & Kader, Sheikh Abdul, 2023. "Military Expenditure and Unemployment Nexus in Bangladesh," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 15(1), pages 157-184, January.
    12. Muhammad Azam & Faisal Khan & Khalid Zaman & Amran Md. Rasli, 2016. "Military Expenditures and Unemployment Nexus for Selected South Asian Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 127(3), pages 1103-1117, July.
    13. Dmitry Burakov, 2019. "Oil Hikes, Drugs and Bribes: Do Oil Prices Matter for Crime Rate in Russia?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(1), pages 84-94.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Oil prices; Interest rate; Unemployment; Efficiency Wage Model; Toda-Yamamoto;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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