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Neoliberalismo y naturaleza: la “comoditización” de los hidrocarburos en Argentina (1989-2001)

Author

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  • Ignacio Sabbatella

    (Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani)

Abstract

El presente artículo expone una parte de los resultados obtenidos en una investigación referida a la reforma estructural del sector de hidrocarburos en Argentina operada desde 1989, a partir de la presidencia de Carlos Menem, hasta la crisis de 2001. Bajo la hegemonía neoliberal, en ese período se llevó a cabo la desregulación del mercado de hidrocarburos y la privatización de la empresa estatal Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (Y.P.F.) en sucesivas etapas. Desde una perspectiva económico-político-ecológica, en este artículo se examina el proceso de “comoditización” del petróleo y gas articulado a un nuevo régimen de acumulación, basado en la valorización financiera, y una nueva forma de Estado neoliberal. La supresión del carácter estratégico de los hidrocarburos y su transformación en “commodities” facilitaron la estrategia de las petroleras privadas, la cual se centró en la sobreexplotación de los yacimientos descubiertos en la etapa estatal dirigida a la obtención de saldos exportables y en la reducción de la actividad exploratoria, produciendo una caída notable del horizonte de reservas. Con el fin de investigar este proceso, se utilizó una metodología mixta a partir de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas.

Suggested Citation

  • Ignacio Sabbatella, 2014. "Neoliberalismo y naturaleza: la “comoditización” de los hidrocarburos en Argentina (1989-2001)," Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, Red Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, vol. 22, pages 101-116, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:rib:revibe:rev22_07
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Víctor M. Toledo, 2008. "Metabolismos rurales: hacia una teoría económico-ecológica de la apropiación de la naturaleza," Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, Red Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, vol. 7, pages 1-26.
    2. anonymous, 2001. "Capital allocation for operational risk," Conference Series ; [Proceedings], Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    3. Gadano, Nicolás, 1998. "Determinantes de la inversión en el sector petróleo y gas en la Argentina," Series Históricas 7444, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    4. anonymous, 2001. "Options, capital gains boost California revenues," Western economic developments, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Mar, pages 1-3.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    neoliberalismo; hidrocarburos; recursos estratégicos; “commodities” ; YPF;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q38 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy (includes OPEC Policy)
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • N56 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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