Information and Communications Technology is Merging Data Science and Advanced Artificial Intelligence Towards the Core of Knowledge Based Society, Part 2

The paper approaches the complex processes of the information and communication technology (ICT) and Knowledge Based Society (KBS) context, leading to the Data Science (DS) concept, aiming to reveal the essential links between the DS, advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and refining knowledge at Earth ecosystem scale as the core of KBS. These premises, due to the scientific, technical and economical reasons of optimizing the mentioned processes, further link the ICT/KBS context with the necessary concept of Cyberinfrastructure, we consequently have to approach. We analysed this concept keeping in mind our title point on knowledge (DS, advanced AI and core of KBS), aiming to emphasize its main components, complex interactions and mutual-supporting mechanisms, which are usually shadowed by the well-known resonance of the term infrastructure. Based on appropriate references for confirmation, we showed that, beyond the usual approach that involves research activities, the Cyberinfrastructure should contain people and scholarly activities more generally, including teaching and learning, i.e., the whole education fields, which in the Big Data era became not only important, but part of the most difficult processes of decision. Another finding is that ICT advances impact not only the humankind activity fields, but also the people s thinking, generally for understanding all practical implications of using AI/ICT features/applications, but, essentially, we consider them an expression of the golden rule AI/ICT have to implement in order to maintain its race toward better performance: re-invent itself all the time by leveraging people s creation skills and thinking. This goal is double fold, aiming apparently to leverage user capacity to fully exploit the designed AI (machine learning algorithms) potential, but eventually this will increase experts capacities to use their imagination in order to improve (re-invent) AI instruments performance. Consequently, the complex (mutual-supporting) relations between Cyberinfrastructure components are approached from the human side, considering their crucial role in the actual World context where USA and EU agreed on the strategic importance of the acquired technological advances (i.e., supposing the associated economic, political and social consequences, but also the cyber-security). It resulted that the need for highly skilled people raised the importance and role of the human component for Cyberinfrastructure and then for AI/ICT/KBS, but the complex relations between them represent the most complicate problem to be further considered, by the need to timely analyse all the consequence of ICT exponential development and impact at Earth scale and on human behaviour and evolution, approaching the ICT-human complex relations and impact on KBS. Continuing to follow the ICT rule of re-inventing itself, we consider that, beyond the new hard/soft performant technologies, in the future we have to look for other leveraging ideas, mainly on improving the output of the computer-human relation by refining knowledge by more subtle criteria of performance. In a concrete manner, the perpetual informational transition where the engineers have to work, is updated to the actual computer-human relation/technology, where the knowledge is refined. The knowledge exchange between researchers is in fact the area that pushes the World ahead with the greatest impact, but also with the most of generation and refining problems, which are worth to be analysed in order to identify prominent mechanisms that could contribute to the optimization of AI/ICT/KBS development in the Big Data era, taking into account the actual challenges and expectations which are naturally associated with the unprecedented advances already reached, but difficult to be improved. Knowing those problems could contribute to the configuration of the actual and the emerging context of developing AI/ICT/KBS, providing this way a useful base for the analyses/decisions, irrespective how these could/will be. One of the main mechanisms of progress, for AI/ICT/KBS, is refining knowledge at Earth ecosystem scale, which is essentially depending on human capacity of creation and integration of the advanced technology in new models, with a larger view of the complex and dynamic processes of generating/perceiving data, information and knowledge in the emerging World of KBS, where the relativity and the probabilistic computing approach [19] are inherent features. We concluded that understanding the unlimited dynamic AI/ICT/KBS optimization processes is a long and winding road, full of surprises, we have to face with timely analyses and imagination.