Extending Information and Communications Technologies Impact on Knowledge Based Society through Artificial and Collective Intelligence -Part 2-

The paper analyzes the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence (HI) in the context of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) exponential development as driving factor of the Information society (IS) progress toward Knowledge Based Society (KBS). ICT potential is enabled by the most advanced technologies, where AI has the highest penetrating power by its increasing performances and self-developing features, but AI limits have been also revealed, as AI is not yet capable to solve some classes of complex problems where only HI has the capacity to be effective, as creation/innovation, image tagging, speech/emotion recognition or complex classification. Paper analysis leads to a natural combination between HI and AI towards highest results and performances, which is today a very complex and difficult problem, considering the amazing level of AI/ICT and implied challenges. It also results that AI progress could be magic but it could and should not replace HI nor the natural evolution of humankind life, although we have to admit that AI will influence them more and more. A paper conclusion is that the symbiosis of AI and HI will leverage ICT applications performances and penetration, including the huge area of emergent fixed/mobile IoT, but adding the benefits collective intelligence(COLI) could bring when combining AI with HI for extracting knowledge from data in areas like environment/utilities monitoring, Big Data, user experience, home working, smart city and mainly for IS/KBS applications. The paper analysis also covers the concrete approach of using COLI and data/information that is generated World-wide in order to create models and algorithms oriented to extract relevant knowledge or applied rules for the complex and dynamic challenges of IS/KBS. On this line, crowdsourcing(CSOURS) is the most important component of COLI, as it already represents a practical but dynamical approach toward optimizing the AI-HI integration. COLI is a very complex concept, where, beyond CSOURS and other social technologies, HI coming from a huge diversity of people could be implied, especially in the benefic conditions of the actual conected World. The paper also analyzes how the concrete COLI/CSOURS activities could be developed with maximal efficiency/benefits for communities and generally for IS/KBS and identifies the most prominent factors that could influence their results and efficiency. A final conclusion is that a fundamental challenge for all COLI approaches and applications is the complicate issue of carefully selecting first of all the participants/workers and then their answers/solutions, this issue asking a further analysis.