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Fiscalité des placements liquides et financiers des ménages en France, en RFA et aux Etats-Unis

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  • Alain Gubian
  • Jacques Le Cacheux

Abstract

[fre] Dans la plupart des pays le régime fiscal applicable aux placements liquides et financiers des ménages se distingue, à des degrés divers, de celui des revenus d'activité. Comparé aux régimes allemand et américain actuels, celui de la France apparaît comme le plus complexe, avec des incidences effectives sans commune mesure avec cette complexité. . En ne tenant compte que des seuls impôts sur les revenus, la pression fiscale sur les placements est, en France, globalement très inférieure à ce qu'elle est dans les deux autres pays, du fait à la fois de l'importance des instruments exonérés — qui sont aujourd'hui bien rémunérés — de l'existence de taux forfaitaires de prélèvement et de nombreux abattements. En outre le régime fiscal français est relativement favorable aux placements boursiers, en raison de la faible imposition des plus-values. Mais à la différence du nouveau code fiscal américain, il est nominaliste et s'alourdit donc fortement en cas d'accélération de l'inflation. . En dépit de sa complexité la fiscalité française sur les revenus des placements n'est guère plus progressive que la fiscalité américaine ; elle l'est beaucoup moins que le régime en vigueur en RFA, qui réserve de multiples avantages fiscaux aux contribuables à faible revenu. . Tant le coût budgétaire élevé du régime actuel que le contexte de déréglementation et d'ouverture sur l'extérieur des marchés financiers incitent à en considérer la réforme. Sans doute les objectifs affichés seraient-ils plus efficacement atteints par l'unification des régimes applicables aux différents placements et par la limitation du bénéfice d'abattement et d'exonérations aux seuls titulaires des revenus imposables les plus faibles. [eng] In most countries, the taxation of households' liquid and financial assets is distinct from that of other types of income. Compared to the present fiscal regimes in Germany and in the United States, the French system appears to be the most complex, whereas its incidence does not seem to be commensurate with its complexity. . When taxes on portfolio returns alone are taken into account, fiscal pressure on asset holdings is on average less in France than in the other two countries studied. This result can be attributed to the large volume of tax-exempt instruments — that are still regulated but yield relatively high rates of return — and to the existence of flat tax-rates for most types of interest incomes and of many deductions. Moreover, the French tax system relatively favors securities — bonds and shares — in so far as capital gains are not heavily taxed. However, contrary to the new American code, it is not inflation-proof. . In spite of its complexity, the French fiscal code is no more progressive than the newly adopted American one, and much less so than the German one, in which most deductions are well targeted to lower- income tax-payers. . The high budgetary costs of the present system, as well as the strains that may result from deregulation and the international opening- up of financial markets are powerful incentives for reform. The alleged objectives would probably be better achieved by unifying the tax treatment of the various assets and by restricting the benefit of deductions and exemptions to the lower-income tax-payers.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Gubian & Jacques Le Cacheux, 1987. "Fiscalité des placements liquides et financiers des ménages en France, en RFA et aux Etats-Unis," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(1), pages 175-213.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1987_num_18_1_1088
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1987.1088
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1987.1088
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    Cited by:

    1. Bruno Théret & Didier Uri, 1988. "La courbe de Laffer dix ans après : un essai de bilan critique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(4), pages 753-808.
    2. Eric Bleuze & Jean-Marie Rousseau, 1989. "Les choix de portefeuille des ménages quel partage de la liquidité ?," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 90(4), pages 45-56.
    3. Forum Franco Allemand, 1999. "Labor Market in the EMU," Working Papers 1999-02, CEPII research center.

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