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Politique conjoncturelle et investissement dans les années 70

Author

Listed:
  • Patrick Artus
  • Pierre-Alain Muet
  • Agnès Picard
  • Claude Peyroux

Abstract

[fre] Cet article examine l'influence, sur les fluctuations conjoncturelles de la période 1973-1980, des politiques économiques ayant affecté directement ou indirectement l'investissement des entreprises. La première partie de l'article propose un bilan des études économétriques de l'investissement réalisées au cours de ces dernières années. Ces études ont fait apparaître le rôle prépondérant de l'évolution anticipée de la demande (ou effet d'accélération) dans les fluctuations conjoncturelles et la croissance de l'investissement privé. Celui-ci a été en outre stimulé à moyen terme par l'augmentation continue du salaire réel et freiné par les hausses brutales du prix de l'énergie. Les autres variables ont eu une influence plus conjoncturelle due soit à leurs propres fluctuations (taux d'intérêt réel), soit au caractère plus transitoire de leur influence (encadrement du crédit, profits réalisés). La deuxième partie est consacrée à une description des politiques fiscales, monétaires et budgétaires (investissement du secteur public) qui ont affecté l'investissement depuis la première crise pétrolière. La troisième partie évalue les effets de ces politiques sur l'ensemble des grandeurs macro-économiques, au moyen du modèle trimestriel METRIC élaboré à l'INSEE. La conclusion que l'on peut tirer de l'étude de la période 1973-1980 est que les politiques fiscales et monétaires affectant l'investissement n'ont pas, en raison principalement de leurs délais d'action, contribué à stabiliser les fluctuations conjoncturelles au cours de cette période. Bien qu'elles aient été prises généralement au moment où la conjoncture semblait les rendre nécessaires, elles ont souvent produit leurs effets à un moment inopportun. A contrario, la politique budgétaire (investissement public) lors de la récession de 1974-1975, et surtout la très forte croissance de l'investissement des grandes entreprises nationales sur l'ensemble de la période, ont contribué non seulement au soutien de l'activité économique, mais aussi par leurs effets induits, à celui de l'investissement privé. [eng] This paper concerns economic policies directly or indirectly affecting business' investment. Their contribution to movements in the trade cycle is examined for the period 1973-1980 The first part of the paper is an assessment of the econometric studies of investment made over recent years. These have revealed that the anticipation of changes in the level of aggregate demand played an essential role in cyclical movements of activity and private investment growth. The latter was stimulated, in the medium term by the continuous rise of real wage levels and slowed down by sudden energy price increases. Owing either to their own variations (e.g. real interest rates) or to the more transitory nature of their impact (e.g. credit restrictions, profits), other variables had a more short-lived influence. The second part is a description of the monetary and fiscal policies which have affected investment since the first oil crisis. The third part assesses the macroeconomic effects of these policies using the INSEE quarterly model « METRIC ». Looking at the period 1973- 1980, we can conclude that taxation and monetary policy did not have a counter-cyclical influence, mainly owing to time lags. Although stabilising measures were taken when they seemed necessary, they often produced their effects at unsuitable moments. By contrast, government spending policy seems to have been effective. Public investment during the 1974-1975 recession, together with very strong growth in the investment levels of nationalised industries, upheld activity in general and thereby the level of private investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Artus & Pierre-Alain Muet & Agnès Picard & Claude Peyroux, 1982. "Politique conjoncturelle et investissement dans les années 70," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 1(1), pages 61-90.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1982_num_1_1_917
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1982.917
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1982.917
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Pindyck, Robert S, 1979. "Interfuel Substitution and the Industrial Demand for Energy: An International Comparison," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 61(2), pages 169-179, May.
    4. Patrick Artus & Claude Bismut, 1980. "Substitution et coût des facteurs : un lien existe-t-il ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 101-114.
    5. Berndt, Ernst R & Wood, David O, 1975. "Technology, Prices, and the Derived Demand for Energy," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 57(3), pages 259-268, August.
    6. Artus, Patrick & Muet, Pierre-Alain & Palinkas, Peter & Pauly, Peter, 1981. "Economic policy and private investment since the oil crisis : A comparative study of France and Germany," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 7-51.
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    1. Alain Fonteneau & Alain Gubian, 1985. "Comparaison des relances françaises de 1975 et 1981-1982," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 12(1), pages 123-156.

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