IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/reveco/reco_0035-2764_1988_num_39_3_409088.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modèles du SME : l'Europe n'est-elle qu'une zone deutsche mark ?

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco Giavazzi
  • Alberto Giovannini

Abstract

[eng] Models of the ems: is Europe a greater deutschmark area ?. . Regimes of fixed exchange rates or limited exchange-rate flexibility, like the ideal « target zone » proposai or the real European Monetary System (EMS), raise the question of symmetry. Who runs monetary policy and who sets exchange-rate parities ? If exchange rates are determined exogenously by a mechanical rule, does — or should — only one country run monetary policy, or does this depend on all members of the System ?. This paper tries to answer these questions with special attention to the experience of the EMS. Our interpretation of the data is that the EMS reproduces the historical examples of fixed exchange-rate regimes. Germany is the centre country and runs monetary policy for the whole System. When the other countries are unable or unwilling to go along with Germany's monetary targets, they change their exchange rate. Capital controls allow them to gain limited independence from the burden of adjustment to international shocks. A combination of foreign exchange intervention policies and domestic sterilisation appears to free Germany from the burden of adjustment to intra-European portfolio shocks. The important implication of our results is that analyses of fixed or managed exchange rate regimes should explicitly address the effects of this asymmetry. [fre] Modèles du SME : l'Europe n'est-elle qu'une zone deutsche mark ?. . Les régimes à taux de change fixes ou à flexibilité limitée des taux de change, tels que le système des « zones de cibles » proposé pour le Système monétaire international ou le Système monétaire européen (SME) actuel, soulèvent le problème de la symétrie entre les pays membres. Qui décide de la politique monétaire et qui détermine les parités des taux de change ? Dans le cas où les taux de change sont déterminés exogènement suivant une règle mécanique, la politique monétaire est-elle, ou devrait-elle être, mise en œuvre par un seul pays ou par tous les pays membres du système ?. Le présent article essaie de répondre à ces questions, en prêtant une attention particulière à l'expérience du SME. Notre interprétation des données est que le SME reproduit les exemples historiques de régimes à taux de changes fixes. L'Allemagne est le pays pivot, et mène la politique monétaire pour tout le système. Lorsque les autres pays sont incapables de suivre les objectifs monétaires de l'Allemagne, ou ne veulent pas s'adapter aux contraintes qu'ils impliquent, ils modifient leur taux de change. Grâce aux contrôles des mouvements de capitaux, ils peuvent jouir d'une indépendance limitée, par rapport aux contraintes imposées par la conjoncture internationale. Une combinaison de politiques d'intervention sur les marchés des changes et de stérilisation des capitaux intérieurs apparaît susceptible de libérer l'Allemagne du poids de l'ajustement aux perturbations intervenant sur les marchés de titres intra-européens. Nos résultats ont des implications importantes, à savoir que les analyses de régimes à taux de change fixes ou gérés devraient s'attaquer explicitement aux effets de cette asymétrie.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Giavazzi & Alberto Giovannini, 1988. "Modèles du SME : l'Europe n'est-elle qu'une zone deutsche mark ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(3), pages 641-666.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1988_num_39_3_409088
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1988.409088
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1988.409088
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/reco.1988.409088
    Download Restriction: Data and metadata provided by Persée are licensed under a Creative Commons "Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0" License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/reco_0035-2764_1988_num_39_3_409088
    Download Restriction: Data and metadata provided by Persée are licensed under a Creative Commons "Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0" License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/reco.1988.409088?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Girton, Lance & Henderson, Dale W., 1976. "Financial capital movements and central bank behavior in a two-country, short-run portfolio balance model," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 33-61, January.
    2. Francesco Giavazzi & Marco Pagano, 1991. "The Advantage of Tying One's Hands: EMS Discipline and Central Bank Credibility," NBER Chapters, in: International Volatility and Economic Growth: The First Ten Years of The International Seminar on Macroeconomics, pages 303-330, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Martin F. J. Prachowny, 1986. "Managed Exchange Rates," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 62(4), pages 442-450, December.
    4. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1973. "Some International Evidence on Output-Inflation Tradeoffs," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 63(3), pages 326-334, June.
    5. Backus, David & Driffill, John, 1985. "Inflation and Reputation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(3), pages 530-538, June.
    6. Krugman, Paul, 1980. "Vehicle Currencies and the Structure of International Exchange," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 12(3), pages 513-526, August.
    7. Julio J. Rotemberg, 1982. "Monopolistic Price Adjustment and Aggregate Output," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 49(4), pages 517-531.
    8. Kenneth Rogoff, 1985. "The Optimal Degree of Commitment to an Intermediate Monetary Target," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 100(4), pages 1169-1189.
    9. Herring, Richard J. & Marston, Richard C., 1977. "Sterilization policy: The trade-off between monetary autonomy and control over foreign exchange reserves," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 325-343.
    10. Mr. Owen Evens & Mr. Thomas H. Mayer & Mr. Philip M Young & Horst Ungerer, 1986. "The European Monetary System: Recent Developments," IMF Occasional Papers 1986/007, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Giavazzi, Francesco & Giovannini, Alberto, 1986. "Monetary Policy Interactions under Managed Exchange Rates," CEPR Discussion Papers 123, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Obstfeld, Maurice, 1982. "Can We Sterilize? Theory and Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(2), pages 45-50, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1828 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/1828 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Catherine Mathieu & Henri Sterdyniak, 1989. "Vers une monnaie commune en Europe ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 95-126.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sibert, Anne, 2002. "Monetary policy with uncertain central bank preferences," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(6), pages 1093-1109, June.
    2. Mihov, Ilian & Sibert, Anne, 2006. "Credibility and Flexibility with Independent Monetary Policy Committees," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 38(1), pages 23-46, February.
    3. Donato Masciandaro & Davide Romelli, 2019. "Behavioral Monetary Policymaking: Economics, Political Economy and Psychology," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Behavioral Finance The Coming of Age, chapter 9, pages 285-329, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Sibert, Anne & Mihov, Ilian, 2002. "Credibility and Flexibility with Monetary Policy Committees," CEPR Discussion Papers 3278, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Masciandaro, Donato & Romelli, Davide, 2015. "Ups and downs of central bank independence from the Great Inflation to the Great Recession: theory, institutions and empirics," Financial History Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(3), pages 259-289, December.
    6. H.P. Grãœner & C. Hefeker, 1995. "Domestic pressures and the exchange rate regime: why economically bad decisions are politically popular?," Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 48(194), pages 331-350.
    7. Persson, Torsten & Tabellini, Guido, 1999. "Political economics and macroeconomic policy," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 22, pages 1397-1482, Elsevier.
    8. Goutsmedt, Aurélien & Truc, Alexandre, 2023. "An independent European macroeconomics? A history of European macroeconomics through the lens of the European Economic Review," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    9. Sibert, Anne, 2006. "Is Central Bank Transparency Desirable?," CEPR Discussion Papers 5641, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Andrew Hughes Hallett & Diana N. Weymark, 2001. "The Cost of Heterogeneity in a Monetary Union," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 0128, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
    11. Piersanti, Giovanni, 2012. "The Macroeconomic Theory of Exchange Rate Crises," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199653126.
    12. José I. Garcia de Paso, 1996. "A partisan model of political monetary cycles," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 20(2), pages 243-262, May.
    13. Thierry Warin, 2006. "From Full Employment to the Natural Rate of Unemployment: A Survey," Middlebury College Working Paper Series 0601, Middlebury College, Department of Economics.
    14. Donato Masciandaro & Davide Romelli, 2018. "To Be or not to Be a Euro Country? The Behavioural Political Economics of Currency Unions," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1883, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    15. Christoph Moser & Axel Dreher, 2010. "Do Markets Care about Central Bank Governor Changes? Evidence from Emerging Markets," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(8), pages 1589-1612, December.
    16. Gruener Hans Peter & Hayo Bernd & Hefeker Carsten, 2009. "Unions, Wage Setting and Monetary Policy Uncertainty," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-25, October.
    17. Ghironi, Fabio & Hernandez, Kolver, 2004. "Comments on "Monetary policy rules and exchange rate flexibility in a simple dynamic general equilibrium model"," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 309-313, June.
    18. Fabrice Capoen & Henri Sterdyniak & Pierre Villa, 1994. "Indépendance des banques centrales, politiques monétaire et budgétaire : une approche stratégique," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 50(1), pages 65-102.
    19. N. Gregory Mankiw & Ricardo Reis, 2002. "Sticky Information versus Sticky Prices: A Proposal to Replace the New Keynesian Phillips Curve," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 117(4), pages 1295-1328.
    20. Richard Mash, 2000. "The Time Inconsistency of Monetary Policy with Inflation Persistence," Economics Series Working Papers 15, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1988_num_39_3_409088. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/reco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.