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De la théorie des structures industrielles à l'économie des réseaux de télécommunication

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  • Nicolas Curien
  • Michel Gensollen

Abstract

[eng] From the theory of industry structure to the economics of telecommunication networks. . The theoretical notions of efficiency, contestability, and sustainability of an industry structure are recalled. The application of the latter concepts is then discussed. It is argued that the cost function which is relevant to the analysis of the industry and the one which can be derived from econometrics are generally different. Moreover, as will be emphasized, the cost function is influenced by the structure of the industry through changes in technology and priees of inputs. Rather than a global study of the cost function, our analysis is an attempt to understanding in depth the economies of the network. The classical distinction between local and toll services does not prove to be very useful and will be replaced by the one between two fundamental functions in the network : circuit routing through trans­mission facilities, and traffic routing through switching equipments. On the basis of the economie characteristics of these two functions, it is prescribed that deregulation in France should only extend to traffic routing and should preserve the trans­mission network as a whole, i.e. trunk circuits as well as local loops : restricting the scope of monopoly to local operations only, as in the United States, would indeed cause a costly loss of scale economies and lead to a socially intolerable deavaraging of access charges. [fre] De la théorie des structures industrielles à l'économie des réseaux de télécommunication. . Après un rappel des notions d'efficacité, de contestabilité et de soutenabilité d'une configuration de marché, l'article propose une critique de l'application de ces concepts. En effet, la fonction de coût qui sert à la discussion de la structure d'une industrie, et celle obtenue par un éventuel ajustement économétrique, n'ont pas en général la même définition. De plus, l'influence de la structure du marché sur les coûts, à travers le progrès technique et les prix des facteurs de production, doit faire l'objet d'une analyse particulière. A l'analyse globale d'une fonction de coût des télécommunications, on préférera une réflexion plus précise sur l'économie des réseaux. Celle-ci conduira à substituer, à la distinction entre réseaux locaux et interurbains, l'articulation entre le transport des informations (transmission) et leur acheminement (commutation). Les caractéristiques économiques de ces deux fonctions mènent à proposer, en cas de déréglementation, une certaine ouverture à la concurrence pour les services d'acheminement, et la protection du monopole de la transmission dans son ensemble (transmission interurbaine et distribution locale) : limiter l'extension du monopole aux seuls réseaux locaux de distribution, comme aux États-Unis, serait en effet coûteux en termes de perte d'économies d'échelle, et aboutirait à une dépéréquation socialement insupportable des tarifs d'accès..

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Curien & Michel Gensollen, 1987. "De la théorie des structures industrielles à l'économie des réseaux de télécommunication," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(2), pages 521-578.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1987_num_38_2_408987
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kay, J A & Thompson, D J, 1986. "Privatisation: A Policy in Search of a Rationale," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 96(381), pages 18-32, March.
    2. Noll, Roger D, 1985. ""Let Them Make Toll Calls": A State Regulator's Lament," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(2), pages 52-56, May.
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    1. Sophie Bejean & Maryse Gadreau, 1996. "Networks and health care systems [Réseaux et systèmes de santé]," Working Papers hal-01527257, HAL.
    2. Jean-Charles Hourcade & Michel Colombier, 1989. "Développement des réseaux et modulations spatio-temporelles des tarifs : l'équité territoriale revisitée," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(4), pages 649-678.

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