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Réglementation et déréglementation des télécommunications : leçons anglo-saxonnes et perspectives d'évolution en France

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  • David Encaoua
  • Philippe Koebel

Abstract

[eng] Regulation and deregulation of the telecommunication industry: from the american and british experiences to a possible evolution in France. . This paper focuses on the regulation and deregulation experiences in the american and british telecommunication industry, in relation to the prospects for this sector in France. After a long period of regulated cartel in the United States until the 60's, a continuons transition toward a more competitive environment is under way ; regulatory islands remain and huge contradictions sometimes appear. The american experience is explained here by the means of an historical analysis of the telecommunication industry over the past century. In the United Kingdom, the evolutionary process is mainly guided by political imperatives and has different objectives. These reflect both the preference of policy makers to promote the private holding of capital and the State's needs for those financial ressources which privatization is likely to satisfy. Yet, it is argued that privatization has not eliminated the necessity to define a new regulatory framework. In France, in contrast to the foregoing cases, there has only recently been a will to rectify some distortions of public monopoly. The present regulatory framework and current debates are described : alternative environment scenarios for the future of this french sector are finally suggested, by learning from the anglo-saxon experiences. [fre] Réglementation et déréglementation des télécommunications : Leçons anglo-saxonnes et perspectives d'évolution en France. . Cet article analyse essentiellement les expériences de réglementation et déréglementation des services de télécommunication aux Etats-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne et les perspectives d'évolution de ce secteur en France. Aux États-Unis, après une longue période de cartel réglementé, on assiste à une transition graduelle vers une situation de plus grande concurrence, où subsistent des îlots de réglementation et où des contradictions considérables sont parfois présentes ; la situation des télécommunications dans ce pays est analysée à la lumière de l'histoire de ce secteur depuis l'invention du téléphone jusqu'à la période contemporaine. En Grande-Bretagne, le processus est essentiellement politique; il s'y mêle différents objectifs, traduisant, d'une part, la préférence du pouvoir politique accordée à la propriété privée du capital et, d'autre part, des besoins de financement de l'État que la privatisation est en mesure de satisfaire. Parallèlement, la privatisation n'a pas éliminé la nécessité de définir un nouveau cadre réglementaire de développement. En France, le désir de remédier aux distorsions du monopole public est récent ; après avoir rappelé les caractéristiques du cadre réglementaire actuel et les débats en cours, on tire finalement les leçons des expériences anglo-saxonnes, afin de suggérer les environnements institutionnels à mettre en place dans une perspective d'évolution de ce secteur.

Suggested Citation

  • David Encaoua & Philippe Koebel, 1987. "Réglementation et déréglementation des télécommunications : leçons anglo-saxonnes et perspectives d'évolution en France," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(2), pages 475-520.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1987_num_38_2_408986
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1987.408986
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1987.408986
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Evans, David S & Heckman, James J, 1984. "A Test for Subadditivity of the Cost Function with an Application to the Bell System," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(4), pages 615-623, September.
    2. Coustel, Jean Pierre, 1986. "Telecommunications services in France : The regulated monopoly and the challenge of competition," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 229-244, September.
    3. David Encaoua, 1986. "Réglementation et concurrence : quelques éléments de théorie économique," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 76(5), pages 7-46.
    4. Bailey, Elizabeth E, 1981. "Contestability and the Design of Regulatory and Antitrust Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(2), pages 178-183, May.
    5. Bailey, Elizabeth E, 1986. "Price and Productivity Change Following Deregulation: The U.S. Experience," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 96(381), pages 1-17, March.
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    1. Etienne Turpin & Michel Wolkowicz, 1994. "Brevets et stratégie industrielle : l'exemple des télécommunications," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 275(1), pages 111-120.
    2. Fernando Coloma & Luis Oscar Herrera, "undated". "Análisis Institucional y Económico del Sector de Telecomunicaciones en Chile," Documentos de Trabajo 125, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..

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