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La dynamique du développement des technologies : éléments d'un cadre conceptuel

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  • Ehud Zuscovitch

Abstract

[fre] Aux mouvements longs de l'activité économique correspondent très clairement des technologies spécifiques. La théorie schumpeterienne, bien que centrée sur la dynamique de l'innovation, ne propose pas une analyse économique explicite du processus de développement des technologies. Une telle analyse devient nécessaire dès lors que l'on quitte la vision prométhéenne de l'innovation majeure reconnue d'emblée comme telle. En suivant Schmookler qui a opté pour une vision du progrès technique par « petit pas » et Rosenberg qui met en évidence le caractère interactif au plan technico-économique de l'innovation élémentaire, l'auteur tente ici la construction d'un cadre conceptuel pour la dynamique du développement des technologies. Par un processus de caractérisation progressive et, dans une optique évolutionniste, à la Nelson et Winter, il met en évidence les différentes composantes économiques de cette dynamique. Une technologie spécifique apparaîtra ainsi comme une entité théorique qui structure les innovations élémentaires dans une logique évolutive particulière. [eng] The economic dynamics of technologies development . Ehud Zuscovitch. There is little about doubt the fact that specific major technologies shape the long waves in economic activity. The trouble is that we dont understand very well what exactly is meant economically by the term spectific technologies (synthetic materials microelectronics and alike). The purpose of this paper is to set a conceptual framework to fit this requirement and thus to understand the economic dynamics of the development process involved. Schumpeter did study the inno-vation's economies dynamics still, he did not elaborate a consistent story on the internal forces of a given technology. As for ourselves, following Schmookler by theorizing the behaviour of the small innovation (instead of the major one) and Rosenberg by taking into consideration the technical heuristic as such we suggest a framework for the dynamics of technologies' development. We use an evolutionnary approach a la Nelson & Winter and gradually define the different components of this special dynamics. A specific technology will appear to be a theoretical unit which gives structure to elementary small innovations according to a particular cumulative path.

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  • Ehud Zuscovitch, 1985. "La dynamique du développement des technologies : éléments d'un cadre conceptuel," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 36(5), pages 897-916.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1985_num_36_5_408875
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1985.408875
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1985.408875
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    1. Scherer, F. M., 1982. "Inter-industry technology flows in the United States," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 227-245, August.
    2. Pavitt, Keith, 1982. "R&D, patenting and innovative activities : A statistical exploration," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 33-51, February.
    3. Rosenberg, Nathan & Frischtak, Claudio R, 1984. "Technological Innovation and Long Waves," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 8(1), pages 7-24, March.
    4. Mowery, David & Rosenberg, Nathan, 1993. "The influence of market demand upon innovation: A critical review of some recent empirical studies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 107-108, April.
    5. Sidney G. Winter, 1971. "Satisficing, Selection, and the Innovating Remnant," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 85(2), pages 237-261.
    6. Scherer, F M, 1982. "Inter-Industry Technology Flows and Productivity Growth," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 64(4), pages 627-634, November.
    7. Nelson, Richard R, 1981. "Research on Productivity Growth and Productivity Differences: Dead Ends and New Departures," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 19(3), pages 1029-1064, September.
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