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Profils d'accumulation patrimoniale et modèles de cycle de vie

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  • André Masson

Abstract

[eng] The test is conducted on french wealth accumulation processes of the postwar period. The data are derived from longitudinal observations that we try to " purge " from Urne effects — either calender time or cohort specific effects — to allow for a direct comparison with life cycle models. We thus obtain stable wealth accumulation processes for six occupational groups out of the eight consi-dered.. The most appropriate no-bequest-life cycle model allows for uncertainty of death in an imperfect capital market where life annuities are not available. These conditions permit to obtain large unvolontary bequest and to explain certain differences among occupational groups.. The test suffers however from certain limitations : it is at best a test of data consistency, not a test of validation. Correlatively, the shortcomings of the life-cycle models are due mainly to the way their exogeneous part is dealt with. The relative success of the test thus1 cornes largely from an ad hoc choice of certain parameters values and the assumption of no life annuities that are only justified on empirical grounds. The critique of the Fisherian theory must therefore concentrate both on its " scientific status ", using notably Popper's falsificability criteria and on the real limits of its field of application. [fre] L'existence éventuelle d'une relation stable entre l'âge et le patrimoine sert ici de « test » à l'hypothèse du cycle de vie. On dresse d'abord un tableau aussi fidèle que possible de l'état actuel de cette théorie qui s'est considérablement développée depuis la formalisation élémentaire de Modigliani-Brumberg. Le test est mené sur les profils d'accumulation patrimoniale français de l'après-guerre. Les données proviennent d'observations longitudinales que l'on cherche à « débarrasser » des effets de l'évolution — de moment ou de génération — pour permettre une confrontation directe avec les prédictions des modèles de cycle de vie. On obtient ainsi des .modes d'accumulation stables pour six catégories socio-professionnelles sur les huit envisagées.. En l'absence d'un motif de transmission aux enfants, le modèle de cycle de vie le plus performant couple incertitude de la durée de vie et imperfection du marché des capitaux sous la forme d'une absence d'assurance vie. Ces deux conditions permettent en effet d'obtenir des legs involontaires considérables et d'expliquer certaines différences d'évolution entre groupes sociaux. La portée du test reste cependant limitée : il s'agit tout au plus d'un test de compatibilité et non de validation. Corrélativement, les faiblesses des modèles de cycle de vie tiennent surtout au mode de traitement de leur partie exogène. Ainsi le succès relatif du test provient largement d'un choix de valeurs ad hoc pour certains paramètres et du recours à l'hypothèse d'absence d'assurance vie, sans autre justification qu'empirique. La critique de la théorie fishérienne doit donc chercher à la fois à apprécier sa « scientificité », notamment par le critère de falsificabilité de Popper, et à déterminer les limites réelles de son champ d'application.

Suggested Citation

  • André Masson, 1983. "Profils d'accumulation patrimoniale et modèles de cycle de vie," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(1), pages 10-63.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1983_num_34_1_408705
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Welch, Finis, 1975. "Human Capital Theory: Education, Discrimination, and Life Cycles," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 65(2), pages 63-73, May.
    2. Weiss, Yoram & Lillard, Lee A, 1978. "Experience, Vintage, and Time Effects in the Growth of Earnings: American Scientists, 1960-1970," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 86(3), pages 427-447, June.
    3. White, Betsy Buttrill, 1978. "Empirical Tests of the Life Cycle Hypothesis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 68(4), pages 547-560, September.
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