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Allocation des sols urbains : modèles et réalités

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  • Vincent Renard

Abstract

[fre] Les très nombreux modèles explicatifs des mécanismes d'allocation des sols urbains reposent le plus souvent sur les hypothèses habituelles du modèle concurrentiel (nombre et comportement des agents, homogénéité du bien, absence de produits liés et d'indivisibilités, information parfaite) et retiennent très fréquemment la distance au centre comme unique variable de différenciation des sols. L'observation des marchés fonciers urbains met en évidence le caractère trop restrictif et souvent irréaliste de ces modèles qui leur interdit d'avoir une grande valeur explicative et a fortiori de permettre de dégager des règles de conduite optimales.. En outre sur le marché foncier urbain, l'ajustement par les prix ne permet pas d'atteindre l'équilibre entre l'offre et la demande. L'ensemble des règles juridiques (planification urbaine, fiscalité immobilière, modifications apportées à l'étendue du droit de propriété) jouent là un rôle essentiel. C'est pourquoi l'analyse des conséquences du système juridique sur l'équilibre du marché foncier paraît une voie plus féconde, tant du point de vue descriptif que normatif, pour la compré hension et l'amélioration des mécanismes allocation des sols urbains. [eng] Allocation of urban land, models and reality. . The many models that attempt to explain thé mechanisms of allocation of urban land most often derive their conclusions from the usual assumptions of the model of perfect competition (number and behaviour of agents, homogeneity, no consideration made for joint products and indivisibilities, perfect information) and the distance to central business district is very often the only variable of differentiation of areas.. The observation of urban land markets shows the very restrictive and often unrealistic character of such models that cannot have a great explicative power and a fortiori cannot lead to optimal decision.. Moreover, on urban land markets, adjustement through prices cannot lead to equilibrium under " reasonable " conditions. Laws and other regulations (urban planning, real estate fiscal system, restrictions on property rights are essentiel from that point of view.. Therefore, an analysis of consequences of the legal system on the equilibria of land markets seems a more fruitful direction of research on both a descriptive and a normative point of view in order to understand and improve the mechanisms of allocation of urban land.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Renard, 1975. "Allocation des sols urbains : modèles et réalités," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 91-110.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1975_num_26_1_408194
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1975.408194
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1975.408194
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    1. Riley, John G., 1973. ""Gammaville": An optimal town," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 6(5), pages 471-482, October.
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    1. Pierre-Henri Derycke, 1982. "Espace - Villes - Régions. Chronique de l'actualité bibliographique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 33(3), pages 541-556.

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