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La distribution dans le système alimentaire français

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  • J.-L. Rastoin

Abstract

[fre] La consommation alimentaire des Français a doublé de volume en 15 ans, dépassant 200 milliards de F en 1974. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une augmentation sensible du budget consacré à la restauration collective d'une part et aux produits agro-industriels d'autre part. L'évolution de la consommation a entraîné des changements profonds dans la structure de l'appareil de distribution : 60 000 commerces de détail alimentaires ont disparu entre 1962 et 1974 tandis que 36 entreprises géantes assurent aujourd'hui près du tiers du chiffre d'affaires du secteur. La concentration accélérée s'accompagne d'une augmentation du salariat : 700 000 personnes soit plus que dans les IAA et presque le tiers de la population active agricole. La dynamique de la distribution se manifeste également par une concurrence accrue. Une enquête réalisée à Montpellier sur 30 produits agro-industriels indique un niveau moyen de prix systématiquement plus bas dans les grandes surfaces. Par ailleurs, les distorsions sont probablement plus importantes en aval de la filière agro-alimentaire qu'au niveau de l'industrie. La pression exercée par la grande distribution sur les IAA semble assez forte pour imposer des réductions de prix sous forme de ristournes, campagnes promotionnelles, etc.. Le problème de l'alimentation doit donc s'envisager avec une optique dépassant les aspects purement agricoles et englobant des éléments médicaux, éducatifs, industriels et commerciaux. [eng] The distribution system in french agri-business - Food consumption in France doubled in volume in 15 years, to more than 200 billion francs in 1974. With this growth went a considerable increase in the collective catering budget on the one hand and in. agri-business products on the other. The development in consumption has given rise to far-reaching changes in the structure of the distribution system. 60,000 food retail businesses disappeared between 1962 and 1974 while 36 giant firms today account for almost one third of the branch's turnover. This rapid concentration is accompanied by an increase in the number of wage-earners, - 700,000 persons, in other words almost one third of the active farming population and more than in agri-business. The dynamics of distribution can also be seen in increased competition. A survey carried out in Montpellier on - 30 foodstuffs shows that they are sold at a lower average price in supermarkets. Moreover the discrepancies are probably greater lower down the agri-business chain than at the industrial level. The pressure brought to bear by large-scale distribution on agri-business seems strong enough to impose price reductions in the form of discounts, special offers etc. The food problem must therefore be conceived in terms that cover more than the agricultural aspect and include medical, educational and commercial aspects.

Suggested Citation

  • J.-L. Rastoin, 1977. "La distribution dans le système alimentaire français," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 121(1), pages 33-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1977_num_121_1_2511
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1977.2511
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1977.2511
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