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Microfinance professionnelle et banques universelles : la singularité du cas de l’Allemagne

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  • Agnès Labye

Abstract

[eng] Microfinance and universal bank : the singular case of Germany . Micro-lending originated in developing countries and is now increasingly applied in industrialized nations. Its main objective lies in the provision of financial services, especially small loans, to those parts of the population (without job) which do not have bank access. So, microfinance is generally associated with attempts to reduce poverty. In consequence, everywhere micro-lending is subsidized. In Europe, micro-lending is associated with the employment politic by social policy makers and the states, associations and banking systems must try to work together. Because of low rates of financial intermediation (narrow sense), banks must find new customers. Micro-lending are an opportunity in this context. This interest for microlending is recent because the commercial banks point at unprofitable products given the fixed cost of processing a loan and the high risks associated with lending to microentrepreneurs without guarantees. This study gives a global view of microfinance in Europe and analyses the microfinance in Germany, a singular case because microfinance sector has developed despite the strict banking regulation (only banks are authorized to provide loans) and the reluctance of commercial banks to develop micro-lending activities, at the notable exception of some local savings banks which play a prominent part. . Classification JEL : E44, E51, G21. [fre] La microfinance renvoie, à l’origine, exclusivement à la politique d’aide au développement. Aujourd’hui, avec l’accroissement du chômage et de la pauvreté dans les pays riches, nombre de ménages sont exclus de la vie économique et donc débancarisés. Ce constat a conduit certains établissements de crédit, dans le cadre de la politique de lutte contre le chômage menée au sein de l’UE mais également au niveau de chaque État membre, via des associations sans but lucratif notamment des ONG, à s’intéresser à cette catégorie de la population. Au-delà de l’objectif de réinsertion sociale par le travail, les banques cherchent une nouvelle clientèle qui puisse être fidélisée. Cet intérêt pour le microcrédit est récent dans la mesure où cette activité n’est pas encore rentable et que les microemprunteurs sont des agents à plus gros risque, au moins en théorie. Cette étude se propose de donner une vue d’ensemble de la microfinance en Europe pour s’intéresser ensuite au cas singulier de l’Allemagne, dominé par les banques universelles, seules légalement habilitées à distribuer les crédits. Parmi elles, les banques mutualistes comme les caisses d’épargne jouent un rôle central en raison de leur savoir faire et de leur forte implantation locale. . Classification JEL : E44, E51, G21.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnès Labye, 2009. "Microfinance professionnelle et banques universelles : la singularité du cas de l’Allemagne," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 95(2), pages 351-365.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2009_num_95_2_5362
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2009.5362
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2009.5362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jaffee, Dwight M & Modigliani, Franco, 1969. "A Theory and Test of Credit Rationing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(5), pages 850-872, December.
    2. Kritikos, Alexander S. & Kneiding, Christoph & Germelmann, Claas Christian, 2006. "Is there a Market for Microlending in Industrialized Countries?," Discussion Papers 251, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    3. Agnès Labye & Christine Lagoutte & Françoise Renversez, 2002. "Banques mutualistes et systèmes financiers : une analyse comparative Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne, France," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 67(3), pages 85-109.
    4. repec:ilo:ilowps:388502 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Kreuz, Claudia., 2006. "Microlending in Germany," ILO Working Papers 993885023402676, International Labour Organization.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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