IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/recofi/ecofi_0987-3368_2009_num_95_2_5362.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Microfinance professionnelle et banques universelles : la singularité du cas de l’Allemagne

Author

Listed:
  • Agnès Labye

Abstract

[eng] Microfinance and universal bank : the singular case of Germany . Micro-lending originated in developing countries and is now increasingly applied in industrialized nations. Its main objective lies in the provision of financial services, especially small loans, to those parts of the population (without job) which do not have bank access. So, microfinance is generally associated with attempts to reduce poverty. In consequence, everywhere micro-lending is subsidized. In Europe, micro-lending is associated with the employment politic by social policy makers and the states, associations and banking systems must try to work together. Because of low rates of financial intermediation (narrow sense), banks must find new customers. Micro-lending are an opportunity in this context. This interest for microlending is recent because the commercial banks point at unprofitable products given the fixed cost of processing a loan and the high risks associated with lending to microentrepreneurs without guarantees. This study gives a global view of microfinance in Europe and analyses the microfinance in Germany, a singular case because microfinance sector has developed despite the strict banking regulation (only banks are authorized to provide loans) and the reluctance of commercial banks to develop micro-lending activities, at the notable exception of some local savings banks which play a prominent part. . Classification JEL : E44, E51, G21. [fre] La microfinance renvoie, à l’origine, exclusivement à la politique d’aide au développement. Aujourd’hui, avec l’accroissement du chômage et de la pauvreté dans les pays riches, nombre de ménages sont exclus de la vie économique et donc débancarisés. Ce constat a conduit certains établissements de crédit, dans le cadre de la politique de lutte contre le chômage menée au sein de l’UE mais également au niveau de chaque État membre, via des associations sans but lucratif notamment des ONG, à s’intéresser à cette catégorie de la population. Au-delà de l’objectif de réinsertion sociale par le travail, les banques cherchent une nouvelle clientèle qui puisse être fidélisée. Cet intérêt pour le microcrédit est récent dans la mesure où cette activité n’est pas encore rentable et que les microemprunteurs sont des agents à plus gros risque, au moins en théorie. Cette étude se propose de donner une vue d’ensemble de la microfinance en Europe pour s’intéresser ensuite au cas singulier de l’Allemagne, dominé par les banques universelles, seules légalement habilitées à distribuer les crédits. Parmi elles, les banques mutualistes comme les caisses d’épargne jouent un rôle central en raison de leur savoir faire et de leur forte implantation locale. . Classification JEL : E44, E51, G21.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnès Labye, 2009. "Microfinance professionnelle et banques universelles : la singularité du cas de l’Allemagne," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 95(2), pages 351-365.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2009_num_95_2_5362
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2009.5362
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2009.5362
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.2009.5362
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecofi_0987-3368_2009_num_95_2_5362
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/ecofi.2009.5362?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jaffee, Dwight M & Modigliani, Franco, 1969. "A Theory and Test of Credit Rationing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(5), pages 850-872, December.
    2. Kritikos, Alexander S. & Kneiding, Christoph & Germelmann, Claas Christian, 2006. "Is there a Market for Microlending in Industrialized Countries?," Discussion Papers 251, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    3. repec:ilo:ilowps:388502 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Agnès Labye & Christine Lagoutte & Françoise Renversez, 2002. "Banques mutualistes et systèmes financiers : une analyse comparative Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne, France," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 67(3), pages 85-109.
    5. Kreuz, Claudia., 2006. "Microlending in Germany," ILO Working Papers 993885023402676, International Labour Organization.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. LaDue, Eddy L. & Allen, Sandra, 1993. "Regulatory, Efficiency, and Management Issues Affecting Rural Financial Markets," Staff Papers 121348, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    2. Simon Cornée, 2014. "Soft Information and Default Prediction in Cooperative and Social Banks," Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, vol. 3(1), pages 89-103, June.
    3. Duca, John V., 2013. "Did the commercial paper funding facility prevent a Great Depression style money market meltdown?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 747-758.
    4. Xiaosong Zheng, 2013. "A credit policy study of Chinese banks on small and medium-sized enterprises," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 61(7), pages 2973-2982.
    5. J. Mark MUNOZ & Al NAQVI, 2017. "Artificial Intelligence and Urbanization: The Rise of the Elysium City," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1-13, March.
    6. Jean Louis EKOMANE & Benjamin YAMB, 2016. "The Measurement of Credit Channel in the CEMAC Zone," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, vol. 3(4), pages 744-766, December.
    7. Chan, Yuk-Shee & Thakor, Anjan V, 1987. "Collateral and Competitive Equilibria with Moral Hazard and Private Information," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(2), pages 345-363, June.
    8. Chen, Jingyuan & Calabrese, Raffaella & Cowling, Marc, 2024. "Does energy efficiency of UK SMEs affect their access to finance?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    9. Bodenhorn, Howard, 2007. "Usury ceilings and bank lending behavior: Evidence from nineteenth century New York," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 179-202, April.
    10. Pancrazi, Roberto & Pietrunti, Mario, 2019. "Natural expectations and home equity extraction," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    11. Cebenoyan, A. Sinan & Fischer, Klaus P. & Papaioannou, George J., 1995. "Corporate financial structure under inflation and financial repression: A comparative study of North American and emerging markets firms," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 25-45.
    12. Chala, Alemu Tulu & Forssbaeck, Jens, 2018. "Does Collateral Reduce Loan-Size Credit Rationing? Survey Evidence," Working Papers 2018:36, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    13. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 1988. "Money, Credit, and Business Fluctuations," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 64(4), pages 307-322, December.
    14. Bos, Jaap & Li, Runliang & Sanders, Mark, 2018. "Hazardous Lending: The Impact of Natural Disasters on Banks'Asset Portfolio," Research Memorandum 021, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
    15. Manel Mazioud Chaabouni & Nadia Selmi, 2016. "The Determinants of Credit Rationing in Tunisia: A Survey among Credit Managers," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(5), pages 151-168, May.
    16. Gérard Mondello, 2022. "Strict liability, scarce generic input and duopoly competition," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 369-404, December.
    17. repec:bla:scotjp:v:49:y:2002:i:2:p:162-95 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. David Nickerson & Robert Jones, 2017. "Collateral Risk and Demographic Discrimination in Mortgage Market Equilibria," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 9, pages 13-28, August.
    19. Aguilera, Nelson A. & Graham, Douglas H., 1990. "Measuring Credit Rationing In Rural Financial Markets: A Portuguese Case Study," 1990 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Vancouver, Canada 270732, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    20. Bernard Shinkel, 1979. "The economics of discrimination in the granting of credit," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 416-434, June.
    21. Philippe Adair & Imène Berguiga, 2020. "Is Bank Loan Funding to SMEs in North Africa a Matter of Size?," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 10913130, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2009_num_95_2_5362. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/ecofi .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.