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Quinze ans de restructuration bancaire dans la CEMAC : qu’avons-nous appris ?

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  • Désiré Avo
  • Sylvie Marie-Louise Eyeffa Ekomo

Abstract

[fre] Les pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC) ont connu, à partir du début des années 1980, une grave crise économique. Les conséquences de celle-ci se sont traduites, sur le secteur bancaire, par une dégradation rapide et brutale du portefeuille des banques. En réponse à cette crise, les autorités monétaires, avec l’appui de la communauté financière internationale ont engagé une politique de restructuration bancaire. Cette politique avait pour objectif d’assurer un retour à la stabilité bancaire en améliorant les circuits de financement. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer, après avoir présenté les différentes réformes qui ont été mises en oeuvre, que les restructurations bancaires, au lieu d’assurer le financement de l’économie, ont plutôt conduit à des paradoxes dont trois sont particulièrement développés. Il s’agit de : la surliquidité et le rationnement du crédit ; la concentration bancaire et le développement de la microfinance et enfin l’internationalisation bancaire sans développement des innovations financières. . Classification JEL : G21, G34, N27 [eng] Fifteen years of banking restructuring in CEMAC : what have we learnt ? . Member countries of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) experienced a severe economic crisis since the 80’ s. As a consequence of this prolonged crisis, the portfolio of commercial banks dramatically deteriorated, therefore pushing monetary authorities and international community to envisage a restructuring strategy for the banking sector. The aim of this strategy was to stabilize the banking sector by improving financing channels and mechanisms. In this paper we show that the reforms implemented to restructure the banking sector, far from having improved financing mechanisms, have led to the emergence of three paradoxes : excessive liquidity of the system coupled with credit rationing, banking concentration and contemporaneous development of microfinance structures and foreign penetration in the banking sector without development of financial innovations. . Classification JEL : G21, G34, N27

Suggested Citation

  • Désiré Avo & Sylvie Marie-Louise Eyeffa Ekomo, 2007. "Quinze ans de restructuration bancaire dans la CEMAC : qu’avons-nous appris ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 89(3), pages 183-205.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2007_num_89_3_4297
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2007.4297
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2007.4297
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Fabien Clive Ntonga Efoua & Etienne Inédit Blaise Tsomb Tsomb, 2023. "Commodity Shocks and External Currency Stability : An Empirical Evidence from CEMAC [Chocs sur les produits de base et stabilité externe de la monnaie : une évidence empirique en CEMAC]," Post-Print hal-04273963, HAL.
    2. Fabien Clive Ntonga Efoua & Etienne Inédit Blaise Tsomb Tsomb, 2023. "Stress Testing the Foreign Exchange Reserves Dynamics in CEMAC [Stress tests sur la dynamique des réserves de change de la CEMAC]," Post-Print hal-04105577, HAL.
    3. Mandiefe, Piabuo Serge, 2015. "The impact of financial sector development on economic growth: analysis of the financial development gap between Cameroon and South Africa," MPRA Paper 64694, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Marc Vivian Lindou Tanka & Kevin Landry Lindjouom Tanka, 2024. "Estimated level of adoption of e-banking in Cameroon [Estimation du niveau d'adoption du e-banking au Cameroun]," Post-Print hal-04551120, HAL.
    5. Jean Francky Landry NGONO & Danielle Sonia KAMGUIA PONE, 2021. "Profitability and bank risk-taking in CEMAC," Journal of Academic Finance, RED research unit, university of Gabes, Tunisia, vol. 12(1), pages 2-11, June.
    6. Fabien Clive Ntonga Efoua, 2019. "De l'Euphorie à la Panique : Une Relecture de l'Instabilité Financière des Années 1980 dans la Zone BEAC," Post-Print hal-03198360, HAL.
    7. NGUENA, Christian L., 2012. "Le Financement des PME au Cameroun dans un Contexte de Crise Financière [SMEs Financing issue in Cameroon in the context of Financial Crises]," MPRA Paper 49417, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Sep 2013.
    8. Fabien Clive Ntonga Efoua, 2014. "Assessing the Relationship between Monetary Stability and Financial Stability in CEMAC," Post-Print hal-03198327, HAL.
    9. Souleymane DAO & Nikolay NENOVSKY & Kiril TOCHKOV, 2016. "Intégration monétaire et convergence des revenus en zone CFA (Réflexions autour d’une étude empirique)," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2411, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    10. BOKINO Régis, 2015. "Transparency in the two central banks of African franc zone: assessment and international comparison," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2015-22, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    11. Vivien Narcisse WABO NOKAM & Wilfred KEM MUNGONG, 2023. "Financial Stability and Economic Growth in the Cemac Zone: A Panel Cointegration Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, 03-2023.
    12. Jean Louis EKOMANE, 2017. "Monetary policy transmission: Does the credit channel perform in Cameroon?," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 4(4), pages 369-377, December.
    13. Rodrigue NANA KUINDJA, 2014. "Quality Of Banking Governance And Financial Development In Africa: The Case Of Cameroon," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 13, pages 129-149, June.
    14. Fouda Owoundi, Jean-Pierre, 2009. "La convergence des politiques économiques dans la zone franc : où en est-on 15 ans après?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 85(3), pages 319-354, septembre.
    15. Tchouassi, Gérard & Tomo, Christian Parfait, 2022. "Modélisation des effets des réformes institutionnelles sur le développement financier pour la croissance économique en zone CEMAC [Modeling the effects of institutional reforms on financial develop," MPRA Paper 113482, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Jun 2022.
    16. Votsoma Djekna & Timba Gaelle Tatiana & Nzihi Nziki Zenga, 2018. "The Influence of Operational Risk on the Performance of Banks' Financial Assets in Cameroon: Analysis of Non-performing Loans and Management Costs [L'influence Du Risque Opérationnel Sur Le Rendeme," Post-Print hal-03607165, HAL.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • N27 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Africa; Oceania
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • N27 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Africa; Oceania

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