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L’évolution maîtrisée du gouvernement d’entreprise au Japon face à la déréglementation financière et aux investisseurs institutionnels

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  • Laurence Loulmet

Abstract

[fre] Le gouvernement d’entreprise au Japon passe par des mécanismes de surveillance internalisés au sein des keiretsu. Les actionnaires principaux des sociétés des keiretsu sont les institutions financières qui se trouvent dans les blocs de participations croisées. Cette configuration stable sert de mécanisme de contrôle conjoint en direction des sociétés affiliées de taille moyenne. Ainsi, le périmètre des keiretsu dépasse les seuls blocs de participations croisées et s’étend aux entreprises incorporées par affiliation, ce qui permet aux keiretsu d’accroître leur influence. Le lien banque-entreprise incarné par la main bank constitue un macro-circuit de financement vers les sociétés affiliées des keiretsu, qui ne peuvent pas accéder au marché financier, ni même s’autofinancer. La concurrence entre banques n’a pas remis en question le principe de la main bank. D’autre part, l’étude menée par nos soins ne montre pas de décroisement de participations au niveau des blocs stables des keiretsu.. Des résistances organisationnelles au Japon semblent également déjouer les principes concurrentiels que pourraient imposer les fonds de pension notamment américains. D’abord, l’économie japonaise possède son industrie des fonds de pension. En outre, les gestionnaires des fonds de pension sont au coeur des participations croisées des keiretsu et actionnaires de référence des employeurs sponsor qui parrainent les fonds. Le système semble par conséquent verrouillé du fait de la présence des keiretsu. [eng] Japan’s adaptation of corporate governance : keiretsu face to banking competition and institutional investors . The corporate governance in Japan passes by mechanisms of monitoring from the inside of the keiretsu. The main actors of keiretsu firms are the financial institutions that are in blocks of crossed shareholdings. This steady profile serves conjoined control mechanism in direction of corporate affiliate. Thus, the perimeter of keiretsu spreads to corporate members that these last insert by affiliation, what allows keiretsu to spread their influence continually. The tie bank-enterprise embodied by main bank constitutes a macro-circuit of financing toward corporate affiliated members of keiretsu that can not reach the financial market, nor also be self-financing because of their medium and small size. On the other hand, the survey led by our cares doesn’t show settlement of holdings to the level of the steady blocks of keiretsu. The organisational resistances in Japan seem to also foil the competitive principles that could impose the American pension funds. First, the Japanese economy possesses an industry of pension funds. Besides, administrators of pension funds are to in heart of keiretsu cross-shareholdings and consequently stakeholders of employers sponsor funds. The system seems locked therefore.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Loulmet, 1998. "L’évolution maîtrisée du gouvernement d’entreprise au Japon face à la déréglementation financière et aux investisseurs institutionnels," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(5), pages 173-187.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1998_num_49_5_3732
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1998.3732
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1998.3732
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    1. Jean-François Estienne, 1997. "Les fonds de pension au Japon : Capitalisation et régulation : Autres temps certes, mais à quand d'autres moeurs ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(5), pages 193-205.
    2. David Flath, 1994. "Keiretsu Shareholding Ties: Antitrust Issues," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 12(1), pages 24-36, January.
    3. Olivier Favereau, 1989. "Organisation et marché," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 4(1), pages 65-96.
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    5. Sheard, Paul, 1989. "The main bank system and corporate monitoring and control in Japan," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 399-422, May.
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