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University patenting : an assessment of the causes and consequences of recent changes in strategies and practices

Author

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  • R. Mazzoleni
  • B. N. Sampat

Abstract

[eng] Until recently, universities promoted social and economic progress by placing research outputs in the public domain. Since around 1980, universities have increasingly applied for intellectual property rights on their research findings, establishing technology transfer offices to manage their licensing activity. We review the factors behind this change in university policy and evaluate its consequences. Although indicators like patent counts and licencing income have provided the basis for optimistic assessments of these developments, we argue that the distribution of benefits among universities is extremely skewed, an that universities'licensing income may significantly overestimate the net social benefits of their new strategy. [fre] Jusqu'à récemment, les universités contribuaient au progrès économique et social en mettant les résultats de leurs recherches sur la place publique. Depuis les annés 1980, les universités ont de plus en plus sollicité des droits de propriété intellectuelle et mis en place des services chargés de gérer les octrois de licences. Les indicateurs, comme les nombres de brevets ou les revenus de licences, incitent à formuler des évaluations optimistes des changements ainsi intervenus. L'article montre qu'en réalité, d'une part la répartition des bénéfices entre les universités est extrêmement asymétrique, et d'autre part que les revenus de licences sont susceptibles de surestimer significativement les bénéfices collectifs nets de leur nouvelle stratégie.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Mazzoleni & B. N. Sampat, 2002. "University patenting : an assessment of the causes and consequences of recent changes in strategies and practices," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 99(1), pages 233-248.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2002_num_99_1_3026
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2002.3026
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2002.3026
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    Cited by:

    1. Pénin, Julien, 2011. "Sur les conséquences du brevet d’invention dans la science : résultats d’une enquête auprès des inventeurs académiques français," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 87(2), pages 137-173, juin.
    2. Öcalan-Özel, Sıla & Pénin, Julien, 2019. "Invention characteristics and the degree of exclusivity of university licenses: The case of two leading French research universities," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(6), pages 1445-1457.
    3. Pénin, Julien & Wack, Jean-Pierre, 2008. "Research tool patents and free-libre biotechnology: A suggested unified framework," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 1909-1921, December.
    4. H. Bulut & G. Moschini, 2009. "US universities' net returns from patenting and licensing: a quantile regression analysis," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 123-137.
    5. Julien Pénin, 2009. "On the consequences of university patenting: What can we learn by asking directly to academic inventors?," Working Papers of BETA 2009-04, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    6. Patrick Cohendet & Matthieu Farcot & Julien Pénin, 2009. "Intellectual property in a knowledge-based economy : Patents to include vs. patents to exclude," Working Papers of BETA 2009-15, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.

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