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Haute technologie et compétitivité : une comparaison entre l'Union Européenne et les États-Unis

Author

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  • Pierre Buigues
  • Alexis Jacquemin

Abstract

[fre] Les secteurs de haute technologie se caractérisent par une forte croissance de la demande et de l'emploi, une productivité supérieure à la moyenne, une main-d'oeuvre très qualifiée et une intensité élevée en investissements immatériels. En outre, ces secteurs ont des retombées positives sur le reste de l'industrie. Or le poids de ces secteurs dans l'industrie américaine est supérieur à celui de l'UE tant en terme d'emploi qu'en terme de valeur ajoutée, grâce à des performances américaines remarquables. La valeur ajoutée par employé est considérablement plus élevée aux USA alors que les différences de salaires par employé sont réduites. Cette situation est encore plus préoccupante lorsqu'on examine les tendances. Des différences sensibles existent cependant entre grands pays européens. L'industrie allemande connaît une augmentation spectaculaire de la demande en produits de haute technologie, alors que l'industrie britannique connaît une croissance forte de sa productivité sur ces secteurs. Par contre, l'industrie de haute technologie française connaît une relative stagnation au cours des dix dernières années. [eng] Hi Tech sectors are characterized by high growth of demand and employment, higher than average productivity growth, a highly skilled labour form and a high level of non material investment. These sectors have also important spin-off effects on the other sectors. The relative weight of these sectors is higher in the US than in the EU both in terms of employment and of value added: value added per employee is considerably higher in the US, while wages are not. The situation is still more alarming when looking tendencies. But important differences exist as between the big European countries. The German industry is experiencing a spectacular increase of demand for Hi Tech products, while the British industry is experiencing strong productivity growth in these sectors. On the contrary the French Hi Tech industry, is more or less stagnating in the last ten years.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Buigues & Alexis Jacquemin, 1997. "Haute technologie et compétitivité : une comparaison entre l'Union Européenne et les États-Unis," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 80(1), pages 9-24.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1997_num_80_1_1666
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1997.1666
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1997.1666
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    Cited by:

    1. Török, Ádám & Petz, Raymund, 1999. "Kísérlet a K+F-intenzitás és az exportszerkezet közötti összefüggések vizsgálatára a magyar gazdaságban [An attempt at examining the interrelations between R-D intensity and export structure in the," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 213-230.
    2. Ariel Mendez, 2001. "Globalisation de la R&D et mécanismes de coordination: le rôle des groupes de projets dans l'intégration d'activités multinationales," Revue Finance Contrôle Stratégie, revues.org, vol. 4(4), pages 85-112, December.
    3. Mendez, Ariel, 2003. "The coordination of globalized R&D activities through project teams organization: an exploratory empirical study," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 96-109, May.

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