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Renouveau des politiques industrielles : le point de vue des théories évolutionnistes

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  • Pier Paolo Saviotti

Abstract

[eng] In this paper the implications of evolutionary theories for industrial policies are analysed. The analysis focuses in particular on the concept of National System of Innovation (NSI) and on its theoretical justification. The existence of properties like irreversibility, path dependency and multistability, which are shown by real NSIs, are predicted by evolutionary theories. The possibility of out of equilibrium processes and the limited determinism which are inherent in evolutionary theories have radical implications for industrial policies. Such implications are discussed in the paper together with the possibility of convergence and, therefore, of disappearance of NSIs, which could follow the globalization of the world economy. These considerations provide a new justification for industrial policies, but make their formulation and implementation much more complex than in the past. [fre] Ce chapitre développe les aspects fondamentaux des théories évolutionnistes et leurs conséquences sur les politiques industrielles. Parmi les conséquences les plus importantes de ces théories on trouve : la possibilité de processus hors équilibre, la dépendance du chemin suivi et la multistabilité. À cause de ces aspects la nature des politiques industrielles subit de profonds changements. Par exemple, il ne s'agit pas de reconduire le système à l'équilibre quand il s'en éloigne, mais de créer de nouvelles configurations hors équilibre. En outre, les politiques doivent être très différentes au voisinage et après une transition entre deux paradigmes. Les considérations sur les théories évolutionnistes permettent aussi de conclure que la convergence complète des systèmes nationaux d'innovation (SNI) en présence de la globalisation est très peu probable. On peut s'attendre plutôt à une plus grande intensité d'interaction des SNI, qui conduirait à un changement de réseaux. En somme, les théories évolutionnistes justifient la poursuite des politiques industrielles, mais elles en proposent un rôle considérablement différent.

Suggested Citation

  • Pier Paolo Saviotti, 1995. "Renouveau des politiques industrielles : le point de vue des théories évolutionnistes," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 71(1), pages 199-212.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1995_num_71_1_1566
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1995.1566
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1995.1566
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    1. Politique industrielle et système d’innovation dans les pays en voie de développement
      by jm26121978@gmail.com (Jihène Malek) in BS Initiative on 2014-06-03 15:42:25

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    Cited by:

    1. Marie José Scotto & Hervé Tiffon, 2014. "Le rôle du manager de proximité dans l’innovation sociétale," Working Papers 2014-175, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    2. Mohamed Ali Labidi, 2021. "Tunisian industrial policy, location and evolution of the industrial space of the interior regions," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 943-956, June.

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