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Peut-on expliquer l'investissement à partir de ses déterminants traditionnels au cours de la décennie 90 ?

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  • Jean-Baptiste Herbet

Abstract

[ger] ln den letzten Jahren gingen die Perioden des Wachstums und der Rezession im AlIgemeinen mit entsprechenden Entwicklungen bei der Investitionstätigkeit einher. Dagegen führte der Aufschwung von 1995 nicht zu einem Anstieg der Investitionen, wie man dies gemass den gewöhnlichen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Investitionstatigkeit und Wertschöpfung hatte erwarten können. Auch in den beiden darauffolgenden Jahren kam es zu widersprüchlichen Entwicklungen zwischen diesen beiden gesamtwirtschaftlichen Grössen. Die üblichen theoretischen Modelle-insbesondere das Akzeleratorprinzip - erklären nicht, weshalb es in diesem Zeitraum zwischen den geplanten Investitionen und den tatsachlich realisierten Investitionen zu einer gegenlaufigen Entwicklung kam. Berücksichtigt man andere Investitionsdeterminanten ais die Antizipation der Zunahme der Absatzmarkte - wie beispielsweise die Rentabilität der Unternehmen oder die Kosten und die Bedingungen der Investitionsfinanzierung - geben die traditionellen Erklarungsmodelle mehr Aufschlüsse. Der zeitliche Vergleich der Investitionstätigkeit im Zeitraum von 1980 bis 2000, bei dem diese neue Variablen mit den in der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung tatsachlich ausgewiesenen Investitionen berücksichtigt werden, zeigt in der Tat, dass das Modell die Realität allgemein auf zufriedenstellende Weise widerspiegelt. Erst ais sich die Ertragslage der Unternehmen ab 1997 wieder verbesserte, konnte man erkennen, dass die Auswirkungen der Investitionskrise der vorausgegangenen Jahre nachliessen. Auch die erneuten Gewinne der Unternehmer scheinendie Kapitalanhaufung in den wichtigsten Industrielandern begünstigt zu haben. [eng] In recent years, periods of growth and recession have generally been accompanied by a related investment trend. However, the 1995 upturn did not prompt an increase in investment in line with what might have been expected from the link usually observed between investment and value-added. The following two years also saw growth contradictions between these two macroeconomic indicators. . The usual theoretical models, particularly the accelerator principle, cannot explain the separation between expected investment and actual investment during this period. The explanatory power of the usually used models is enhanced by considering investment determinants other than anticipated market growth, such as corporate profitability and investment financing costs and conditions. A comparison of 1980-2000 investment including these new variables along with investment actually observed in the national accounts finds that the model reproduces the reality satisfactorily overall. In particular, it was not until corporate profitability returned starting in 1997 that the effects of the investment slump seen in previous years fell off. The recovery in business profits also appears to have furthered capital accumulation in the leading developed countries. [spa] Estos anos, los periodos de crecimiento o los episodios de recesion se han acompariado de un movimiento concomitante de la inversion. En cambio, la recuperacion de 1995 no se traduce por un alza de la inversion, al contrario de lo que se esperaba la habituai relacion observada entre inversion y valor ariadido. Los dos arios ulteriores han puesto de manifiesto unas evoluciones contradictorias entre ambos indicadores macroeconomicos. Los modelos teoricos usuales, sobre todo el principio dei acelerador, no explican la deconexion que se ha dado en el periodo entre la inversion prevista y la inversion realizada. El tomar en cuenta otros determinantes de la inversion tales como la anticipacion dei crecimiento de las salidas, o la capacidad de provecho de las empresas, o el coste y las condiciones de financiacion de la inversion, enriquecen el poder explicativo de los modelos tradicionalmente adoptados. La comparacion de una cronica de la inversion en el periodo 1980-2000 que toma en cuenta estas nuevas variables, con la inversion realmente registrada en las cuentas nacionales muestra en efecto que el modela reproduce la realidad de modo bastante satisfactorio. Ha sido necesario esperar la recuperacion de la capacidad de provecho de las empresas a partir de 1997 para ver atenuarse los efectos de la crisis de la inversion registrada en los arios anteriores. La restauracion de los margenes de los empresarios parece igualmente haber favorecido la acumulacion dei capital en los principales paises desarrollados. [fre] Dans les années récentes, les périodes de croissance ou les épisodes de récession se sont généralement accompagnés d’un mouvement concomitant de l’investissement. En revanche, la reprise de 1995 ne se traduit pas par une hausse de l’investissement conforme à ce que l’on aurait pu attendre du lien habituellement observé entre l’investissement et la valeur ajoutée. Les deux années qui suivent font aussi apparaître des évolutions contradictoires entre ces deux grandeurs macroéconomiques. Les modèles théoriques usuels, notamment le principe de l’accélérateur, n’expliquent pas la déconnexion qui s’est opérée au cours de cette période entre l’investissement prévu et l’investissement effectivement réalisé. La prise en compte d’autres déterminants de l’investissement que l’anticipation de la croissance des débouchés, comme la profitabilité des entreprises ou le coût et les conditions de financement de l’investissement, enrichissent le pouvoir explicatif des modèles traditionnellement retenus. La comparaison d’une chronique de l’investissement sur la période 1980-2000 tenant compte de ces nouvelles variables avec l’investissement effectivement constaté dans les comptes nationaux montre en effet que le modèle reproduit la réalité de façon globalement satisfaisante. Il a fallu notamment attendre le rétablissement de la profitabilité des entreprises à partir de 1997 pour voir s’estomper les effets de la crise de l’investissement enregistrée les années précédentes. La restauration des marges des entrepreneurs semble avoir également favorisé l’accumulation du capital dans les principaux pays développés.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Baptiste Herbet, 2001. "Peut-on expliquer l'investissement à partir de ses déterminants traditionnels au cours de la décennie 90 ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 341(1), pages 85-106.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2001_num_341_1_7471
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2001.7471
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2001.7471
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ghassan, Hassan B. & Raiss, NourrEddine & ElMoudden, Abdesalam, 2008. "Test de l’Effet de la Fiscalité Foncière sur l’Investissement Touristique [Testing the Effect of the Land Tax on Tourism Investment]," MPRA Paper 56384, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Sep 2008.
    2. Stephane Ciriani & Marc Lebourges, 2016. "The role of market power in economic growth: an analysis of the differences between EU and US competition policy theory, practice and outcomes," European Journal of Government and Economics, Europa Grande, vol. 5(1), pages 5-28, June.
    3. Baghli, M. & Brunhes-Lesage, V. & De bandt, O. & Fraisse, H. & Villetelle, J-P., 2004. "MASCOTTE: Model for AnalySing and foreCasting shOrT TErm developments," Working papers 106, Banque de France.
    4. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Andre Tiomo, 2003. "Monetary Policy and Corporate Investment in France," Post-Print halshs-00112523, HAL.
    5. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Jean-Christophe Teurlai, 2004. "The impact of the cost of capital and of the decision to invest or to divest on investment behaviour: an empirical investigation using a panel of French services firms," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2003 13, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
    6. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Andre Tiomo, 2002. "Investment and the Cost of Capital in the Nineties in France: A Panel Data Investigation," Post-Print halshs-00112540, HAL.

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