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La production domestique des femmes réduit l'inégalité des revenus familiaux

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  • France Caillavet

Abstract

[ger] Die Eigenproduktion der Frauen mindert die Ungleichheit der Familieneinkommen . Eine methodologische Studie anhand franzosischer und spanischer Daten . Beim Gesamteinkommen im Sinne von Becker wird zum Arbeitseinkommen der geschâtzte Wert der Eigenproduktion der Privathaushalte hinzugerechnet. Unabhàngig vom benutzten Schâtzverfahren weist die Verteilung des Gesamteinkommens eine viel geringere Ungleichheit als die des Arbeitseinkommens auf. Wenngleich es auch schwierig ist, die kontextbedingten Unterschiede von den methodologischen Unterschieden abzugrenzen, so kônnen dennoch anhand der âhnlichen Tendenzen, die sich bei den franzôsischen und spanischen Daten feststellen lassen, mehrere Ergebnisse aufgezeigt werden, die mit den herkômmlichen Einkommensuntersuchungen nicht ûbereinstimmen. Die grôBte Ungleichheit bei den Arbeitseinkommen ist bei den Haushalten anzutreffen, in denen die Frau nicht erwerbstàtig ist, wàhrend man bei Einbeziehung derEigenproduktion zum umgekehrten Ergebnis gelangt. In Spanien kommt dem "ausgleichenden" Effekt, der in dieser Untersuchung einzig und allein der Eigenproduktion der Ehefrau zugeschrieben wird, eine besonders groBe Bedeutung zu; denn das Gesamteinkommen der Haushalte, bei denen die Frau nicht erwerbstàtig ist, liegt ûber demjenigen der Haushalte, bei denen die Frau einer Erwerbstâtigkeit nachgeht. Die Haushalte mit dem relativ niedrigsten Gesamteinkommen sind diejenigen, bei denen die Frau erwerbstàtig ist und die Kinder im Vorschulalter umfassen. . Bei den Einkommen in Frankreich wird durch die Berûcksichtigung der Eigenproduktion die Ungleichheit zwischen Haushalten mit erwerbstâtiger Frau und Haushalten mit nicht erwerbstâtiger Frau nahezu ausgeglichen. [fre] La production domestique des femmes réduit l'inégalité des revenus familiaux . Une étude méthodologique sur des données françaises et espagnoles . Le « revenu total », au sens de Becker, ajoute au revenu marchand l'estimation de la valeur de la production domestique. La distribution du revenu total est beaucoup moins in- égalitaire que celle du seul revenu marchand, quelle que soit la méthode d'évaluation considérée. Même s'il est difficile de faire la part des différences provenant du contexte de celles dues à la méthodologie, les tendances similaires sur les données françaises et espagnoles permettent de dégager plusieurs résultats non conformes aux études traditionnelles de revenus. La plus forte inégalité de revenus marchands se trouve parmi les ménages où la femme est inactive alors que l'inclusion de la production domestique aboutit au résultat inverse. En Espagne, l'importance de l'effet « égalisateur » dû, dans cette étude, à la seule production domestique de l'épouse est particulièrement accusé : le revenu total des ménages comportant une épouse inactive est supérieur à celui de ménages où l'épouse est active. Les ménages pour lesquels le revenu total est le plus inégal sont ceux où la femme est active et comportant des enfants d'âge préscolaire. Sur les revenus français, la prise en compte de la production domestique élimine quasiment l'inégalité entre ménages avec femme active et ménages avec femme inactive. [eng] Home Production by Women Reduces Inequality in Family Incomes . A Methodological Study Using French and Spanish Data . Becker's definition of total income includes an estimate of the value of home production in addition to market income. The resulting total income distribution is much less unequal than the distribution based solely on market income, regardless of the evaluation method used. Although it is difficult to distinguish the context-generated differences from those due to methodology, similar trends observed across the French and Spanish data produce a number of findings which not comply with conventional income studies. The greatest inequality in market incomes is found among households where the woman is not in the labour force. The inclusion of home production, however, produces the opposite finding. . In Spain, the "equalising" effect due, in this study, solely to the spouse's home production is particularly pronounced: the total income of households where the wife is not in the labour force is higher than that of households with a working wife. The households for which total income is found to be the most unequal are those with a working wife and pre-school children. . The inclusion of home production in French incomes virtually eliminates the inequality between households with a working woman and households where the wife is not in the labour force. [spa] La producciôn doméstica de las mujeres reduce la desigualdad de las rentas familiares . Un estudio metodolôgico sobre datos franceses y espanoles . La renta total, en el sentido de Becker, anade a los ingresos la estimaciôn del valor de la producciôn doméstica. La distribuciôn de la renta total es mucho menos desigual que la de los meros ingresos, sea el que sea el método de evaluaciôn empleado. . Aunque resuite diffcil distinguir aquellas diferencias que provienen del contexto de las que se deben a la metodologfa, las tendencias parecidas sobre datos franceses y espanoles permiten destacar varios resultados que contrastan con los estudios tradicionales de rentas. Se da la mayor desigualdad de ingresos entre los hogares en los que la mujer es inactiva, si bien el incluir la producciôn doméstica desemboca en el resultado inversa. En Espana, la importancia del efecto "igualador" debido, en este estudio, a la sola producciôn doméstica de la esposa es especialmente marcado : la renta total de los hogares en los que la esposa es inactiva es superior a aquellos hogares en los que la esposa es activa. Los hogares para quienes la renta total es mâs desigual son aquellos en los que la mujer es activa y con ninos de edad preescolar. Sobre las rentas francesas, la toma en cuenta de la producciôn doméstica casi élimina la desigualdad entre los hogares con mujer activa y los hogares con mujer inactiva.

Suggested Citation

  • France Caillavet, 1998. "La production domestique des femmes réduit l'inégalité des revenus familiaux," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 311(1), pages 75-89.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_311_1_2609
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2609
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2609
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guillaume Allègre & Victor Bart & Laura Castell & Quentin Lippmann & Henri Martin, 2015. "Travail domestique : les couples mono-actifs en font-ils vraiment plus ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 478(1), pages 189-208.
    2. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6b0m7o66t58vqbcarbtcf8ad2q is not listed on IDEAS
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6b0m7o66t58vqbcarbtcf8ad2q is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Edith Archambault & Lionel Prouteau, 2010. "Association volunteering and money value : is this activity extraneous to any type of measurement ? [Un travail qui ne compte pas ? La valorisation monétaire du bénévolat associatif]," Post-Print halshs-00550382, HAL.
    5. Edith Archambault & Lionel Prouteau, 2010. "Association volunteering and money value : is this activity extraneous to any type of measurement ? [Un travail qui ne compte pas ? La valorisation monétaire du bénévolat associatif]," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00550382, HAL.

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