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Le contrôle des changes en Europe centrale et orientale : une libéralisation partielle

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  • Pierre Poret

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[fre] Le contrôle des changes en Europe centrale et orientale : une libéralisation partielle . En à peu près un an, les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale (Bulgarie, Hongrie, Pologne, Roumanie et République federative tchèque et slovaque) ont réalisé, pour presque tous les paiements et transferts courants vers l'étranger, la libre convertibilité de leur monnaie en devises étrangères, en conformité avec leur appartenance au Fonds Monétaire International. Mais ils ont repoussé à une phase ultérieure de la transition vers l'économie de marché la libéralisation formelle des mouvements de capitaux privés, autres que l'investissement direct étranger, qui leur permettrait de se rapprocher davantage des pays de la Communauté européenne et de l'OCDE. . Ces pays craignent que la suppression des contrôles des changes ait des effets perturbateurs sur leur économie alors même que la stabilisation macro-économique et la réforme du système financier sont loin d'être achevées. Cependant, par manque de moyens, les contrôles des changes sont peu efficaces et le resteront probablement. C'est une raison de plus pour ces pays pour persévérer dans la voie de la lutte contre l'inflation et des réformes structurelles afin d'écarter le risque de sorties massives de capitaux et d'éviter que la liberté de fait des mouvements de capitaux ne soit utilisée pour enfreindre les lois et règles de conduite élémentaires d'une économie de marché. [spa] El control de cambios en Europa central y oriental : una liberalizaciôn parcial . Durante un perfodo de aproximadamente un ano, los pafses de Europa central y oriental (Bulgaria, Hungrfa, Polonia, Rumania y Repûblica federativa checa y eslovaca) efectuaron para casi todos los pagos y transferencias corrientes hacia el extranjero, la libre convertibilidad de su moneda en divisas extraderas, conforme a su pertenencia al FMI. Sin embargo, éstos postergaron para una fase ulterior de la transiciôn hacia la economfa de mercado la liberalizaciôn formai de los movimientos de capitales privados, que no sean las inversiones directas extraderas, lo que les permitirîa aproximarse mâs a los pafses de la Comunidad europea y de la OCDE. . Estos pafses temen que la supresiôn del control de cambios tenga efectos perturbadores sobre sus economfas en momentos en que la estabilizaciôn macroeconômica y la reforma del sistema financiero estân aûn lejos de haberse Ilevado a cabo. No obstante, debido a la falta de medios, los contrôles de cambios son poco eficaces y lo seguiran siendo probablemente. Es una razôn suplementaria para que estos pafses perseveren en la via de la lucha contra la inflaciôn y de las reformas estructurales. El objetivo perseguido es alejar el riesgo inhérente a una salida masiva de capitales y evitar que la libertad de hecho de los movimientos de capitales no sea utilizada para transgredir las leyes y reglas de conducta elementales de toda economîa de mercado. [eng] Exchange controls in Eastern Europe : a partial liberalisation . In about one year, eastern European countries (Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania) have managed to make their currencies freely convertible into foreign currencies for almost all international current payments, in conformity with their membership of the International Monetary Fund. But they have put off, until a later stage in their transition to a market economy, the freeing of capital movements (other than foreign direct investment) which would bring them closer to the EC and OECD countries. . These countries fear that lifting of exchange controls, before macroeconomic stabilisation and financial sector reforms have been completed, could have disturbing effects on their economies. However, by lack of resources to ensure compliance, exchange controls are of limited effectiveness. This is a further motivation for these countries to persevere in the combat against inflation and with structural reforms so as to reduce the risk of capital flight and to avoid de facto freedom of capital movements being used to transgress basic laws and rules of conduct in a market economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Poret, 1992. "Le contrôle des changes en Europe centrale et orientale : une libéralisation partielle," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 260(1), pages 49-60.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_260_1_5702
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5702
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5702
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    1. Mr. Donald J Mathieson & Ms. Liliana Rojas-Suárez, 1992. "Liberalization of the Capital Account: Experiences and Issues," IMF Working Papers 1992/046, International Monetary Fund.
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