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Le déficit extérieur américain peut-il se résorber ?

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  • Philippe Ducos
  • François Lecointe

Abstract

[eng] Can the American Trade Deficit Be Absorbed? - The trade deficit became a major issue for the United States in the early eighties as it gradually became larger. The abrupt reversal of the dollar in 1985, then the fact that foreign exchange stopped its downturn after 1987, encouraged the belief that the trade deficit was going to be absorbed. However, in 1990, even though the situation kept improving, the trade deficit remains high (110 billions dollars). This is due to the exchange of manufactured products, mainly with Japan and the rest of Asia. . It appears that dollar appreciation has forever altered the structure of the American market and its share between domestic importers and producers. If this hypothesis is true, in spite of the competitiveness that the United States has recovered, the country may retain a large trade deficit for a long time, even if a temporary improvement is now apparent because of a time-lag in the economy. [spa] El deficit exterior norteamericano puede ser reabsorbido? - El deficit exterior se ha transformado en un problema mayor para los EEUU a medida que este se ahondada en la primera parte de la decada. El cambio brusco del dólar en 1985, y luego el fin de la degradación de los intercambios a partir de 1987 pudieron hacer suponer que el desequilibrio exterior sería reabsorbido. Sin embargo, en 1990, aún si se observa una cierta mejora, el deficit comercial sigue siendo considerable (110 mil millones de dólares). El mismo se debe a los intercambios de productos manufacturados, principalmente con Japon y el resto de los países asiáticos. . Parecería ser que la apreciación del dólar hubiera modificado definitivamente la estructura del mercado norteamericano y el reparto existente entre importadores y productores domesticos. Considerando esta hipôtesis y a pesar de haber alcanzado una cierta competitividad, los EEUU corren el riesgo de mantener durablemente un deficit exterior importante, aun si una mejora pasajera se manifiesta en favor de la actual diferencia coyuntural. [fre] Le déficit extérieur est devenu une question majeure pour les Etats-Unis, à mesure qu'il se creusait dans la première partie de la décennie. Le brusque retournement du dollar en 1985, puis l'arrêt de la dégradation des échanges à partir de 1987 ont pu laisser penser que le déséquilibre extérieur allait se résorber. Or, en 1990, même si une amélioration se poursuit, le déficit commercial reste massif (110 milliards de dollars) ; il est dû au déséquilibre des échanges de produits manufacturés, principalement avec le Japon et le reste de l'Asie. . II semble que l'appréciation du dollar ait modifié durablement, peut-être définitivement la structure du marché américain et son partage entre importateurs et producteurs domestiques. Dans cette hypothèse, en dépit d'une compétitivité retrouvée, les Etats-Unis risquent de conserver longtemps un déficit extérieur important, même si une amélioration passagère se manifeste à la faveur de l'actuel décalage conjoncturel.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Ducos & François Lecointe, 1990. "Le déficit extérieur américain peut-il se résorber ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 232(1), pages 81-92.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_232_1_5454
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5454
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5454
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    1. Froot, Kenneth A & Klemperer, Paul D, 1989. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Market Share Matters," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 637-654, September.
    2. Philippe Ducos & François Lecointe, 1990. "Effets d'hystérésis sur le commerce extérieur américain," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(3), pages 79-93.
    3. Baldwin, Richard, 1988. "Hyteresis in Import Prices: The Beachhead Effect," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(4), pages 773-785, September.
    4. Paul R. Krugman & Richard E. Baldwin, 1987. "The Persistence of the U.S. Trade Deficit," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 18(1), pages 1-56.
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