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Les entreprises françaises sont-elles bien dimensionnées ?

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  • Gilbert Cette
  • Daniel Szpiro

Abstract

[spa] ¿ Las empresas están o no bien dimensionadas ? Una comparación con Alemania y el Reino Unido - ¿ Las empresas francesas poseen o no la mejor dimension para adaptarse al choque del grand mercado único europeo y a la competencia creciente entre las diversas industrias nacionales que el mismo acarreará ? A partir de un muestreo de 3200 empresas que adhieren al Organismo Central de Balances del Banco de Francia, se trató de determinar para cada sector la dimension optima de las empresas, es decir la que corresponde a la mejor eficacidad productiva. Desde este punto de vista, las empresas francesas están bien dimensionadas en la mayoria de los sectores. Por el contrario, parecen estar mal dimensionadas en algunas actividades como las del textil y vestido, el papel y el carton, la imprenta, la prensa y la edición así como la construcción y la ingenieria civil. . Las empresas francesas están generalmente menos bien dimensionadas que las de las industrias competitivas alemana y británica. Es evidente que han sido apartados de este análisis ciertos sectores en los que la industria francesa detenta posiciones muy favorables : aeronáutica y armamento, metales no ferrosos y vidrio. De los 14 sectores industriales estudiados, las empresas alemanas y británicas resultaron con mejores posiciones en respectivamente ocho y cinco actividades. Las empresas francesas se encuentran en posición más favorable ùnicamente en la industria del caucho y del material plástico. [fre] Les entreprises françaises ont-elles la meilleure dimension pour s'adapter au choc du grand marché unique européen, et à la concurrence accrue entre les diverses industries nationales qu'il ne manquera pas de provoquer ? À partir d'un échantillon de 3 200 entreprises adhérentes à la Centrale de bilans de la Banque de France, on a cherché à déterminer pour chaque secteur la dimension « optimale » des entreprises, c'est-à-dire celle qui correspond à la meilleure efficacité productive. De ce point de vue, les entreprises françaises sont assez bien dimensionnées dans la majorité des secteurs. Par contre, elles apparaissent mal dimension- nées dans quelques activités comme le textile-habillement, le papier-carton, l'imprimerie- presse-édition et le bâtiment-génie civil. . Les entreprises françaises sont généralement plus mal dimensionnées que celles de deux industries concurrentes, allemande et britannique. Il est vrai que sont écartés de cette analyse certains secteurs où l'industrie française détient des positions très favorables : l'aéronautique et l'armement, les métaux non ferreux et le verre. Parmi les quatorze secteurs industriels étudiés, les entreprises allemandes et britanniques apparaissent les mieux dimensionnées dans respectivement huit et cinq activités. Les entreprises françaises sont en position plus favorable dans la seule industrie du caoutchouc et des matières plastiques. [eng] Are French Enterprises the Right Size? A Comparison with Germany and the United Kingdom - Are French enterprises the right size to resist the impact of the creation of a larger unified European market and to adapt to the added competition between the various national industries that will inevitably follow? Starting from a sample of 3,200 enterprises which are members of the Centrale des bilans de la Banque de France, the authors have attempted to determine the optimal size of enterprises in each sector, that is, the size which is most efficiently productive. In this respect, French firms are more or less the right size in the majority of sectors. However they seem to be badly-adapted to some activities, like textiles and apparel, paper and cardboard, printing and publishing, and construction and civil engineering. . The sizes of French enterprises are generally less suitable than those in the two competing industries of Germany and the United Kingdom. Admittedly this analysis is not taking into account certain sectors in which French industries are very well-positioned : that is, aeronautics, armament, non-ferrous metals and glass. Among the 14 industrial sectors which have been studied, German and British enterprises seem to be better-adapted to respectively 8 and 5 activities. The only industry studied in which French enterprises are better-positioned is rubber and plastics.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilbert Cette & Daniel Szpiro, 1989. "Les entreprises françaises sont-elles bien dimensionnées ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 217(1), pages 83-94.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1989_num_217_1_5288
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1989.5288
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1989.5288
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    1. Sleuwaegen, Leo & Yamawaki, Hideki, 1988. "The formation of the European Common Market and changes in market structure and performance," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1451-1475, September.
    2. Gold, Bela, 1981. "Changing Perspectives on Size, Scale, and Returns: An Interpretive Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 19(1), pages 5-33, March.
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    1. Leon, Y. & Mahe, L. P., 1989. "The Cap After 1992 A Fairly Common Agricultural Policy," 1989 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 2, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 270687, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. François Legendre, 1992. "La distribution des rendements d'échelle dans l'industrie. Une illustration à partir d'un panel de plus de 700 entreprises françaises," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 71-100.
    3. Bernard Paranque, 1995. "Financement, investissement et performances des entreprises industrielles françaises," Finance 9508001, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 29 Oct 2000.
    4. Yves Léon & Louis Pascal Mahe, 1990. "The CAP and 1992 : a French point of view," Working Papers hal-01891736, HAL.
    5. Olivier SAINT-MARTIN, 1991. "Les Groupes Publics Industriels A La Recherche De L' “Effet De Taille”," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(2), pages 225-238, April.
    6. Michel Bua & Philippe Girard & François Legendre & Philippe Redondo, 1990. "Les effets favorables d'une baisse de la fiscalité des entreprises : une évaluation à partir de données individuelles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 229(1), pages 41-51.

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