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Les zones d'emploi et l'analyse locale des marchés du travail

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  • Hubert Jayet

Abstract

[fre] Jusqu'à une date récente, les diverses statistiques concernant l'emploi et le chômage n'étaient pas disponibles dans des découpages cohérents au-dessous du niveau départemental. Depuis 1983, une division de la France en 365 « zones d'emploi » fournit un cadre commun aux études des marchés locaux du travail. Ces zones sont le fruit d'un compromis entre les réalités économiques et les contraintes administratives. Une étude des flux d'entrée et de sortie du chômage avait fait ressortir une opposition entre régions urbaines, où le marché du travail est actif, et régions rurales, où il est stagnant. Cette opposition se retrouve entre zones d'emploi à l'intérieur de quatre régions étudiées ici, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Alsace, Provence-Alpes - Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes. Mais la prise en compte des particulalités locales enrichit l'analyse. Alors qu'à Lille, Marseille ou Lyon, les sorties du chômage sont facilitées par l'existence d'un emploi tertiaire important, les sorties sont difficiles à Saint-Étienne ou à Lens, à cause d'implantations industrielles très touchées par la crise. [eng] Employment zones and local analysis of the work market - Until recently, the diverse statistics concerning employment and unemployment were not available in coherent regroupings below the level of the regional administrative division (département). Since 1983, a division of France into 365 «employment zones » has provided a common framework for studies of local work markets. These zones are the result of a compromise between economic realities and administrative constraints. A study of the flow into and out of unemployment brought into relief an opposition between urban regions, where there is an active work market, and rural regions, where the work market is stagnant. This opposition is seen again between employment zones inside the four regions studied here : Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Alsace, Provence- Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and Rhône-Alpes. The consideration of local distinctive features enriches the analysis. While in Lille, Marseille or Lyon, the movement out of unemployment is facilitated by the existence of significant tertiary employment, this movement is difficult in Saint-Etienne or in Lens because of the industrial implantations which are very affected by the crisis. [spa] Zonas de empleo y análisis local de los mercados laborales - Hasta fecha reciente, las di versas estadfsticas relativas a empleo y desocupación no estaban disponibles mediante reparticiones cohérentes más alla del bajo nivel del departamento. Desde 1983, una distribución de Francia en 365 « zonas de empleo » proporciona un cuadro común a los estudios relativos a los mercados locales laborales. Dichas zonas son el fruto de un arreglo entre las realidades económicas y los apremios administratives. Un estudio de los flujos de entradas y salidas del desempleo hizo resaitar un contraste entre regiones urbanas en las que el mercado laboral es activo, y regiones rurales en el que esta estancado. Oicho contraste se encuentra entre zonas de empleo en el interior de cuatro regiones examinadas aquí, o sea Norte-Pas-de-Calais, Alsacia, Provenza- Alpes-Costa azul, Ródano-Alpes. Mas la toma en cuenta de las peculiaridades locales compléta el análisis. Mientras que en Lila, Marsella o Lyon, las entradas en puestos de trabajo se ven facilitadas por la existencia de empleos terciarios importantes, resulta difícil salir de la desocupación en Saint-Etienne o en Lens, a causa de implantaciones industriales rotundamente afectadas por la crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Hubert Jayet, 1985. "Les zones d'emploi et l'analyse locale des marchés du travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 182(1), pages 37-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1985_num_182_1_5027
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1985.5027
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1985.5027
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    1. Buda, Rodolphe, 2011. "Estimation de l'emploi sectoriel par zone d'emploi du 31.12.1989 au 31.12.2010 – Compléments à la série 1998–2007 de l'INSEE [Estimation of the Sectoral Employment by Employment Areas from the 31th," MPRA Paper 36523, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Bergé, Laurent & Carayol, Nicolas & Roux, Pascale, 2018. "How do inventor networks affect urban invention?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 137-162.

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