IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_1984_num_162_1_4820.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Productivité et compétitivité comparées des grands pays industriels

Author

Listed:
  • Philippe Guinchard

Abstract

[fre] Au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, l'industrie américaine était beaucoup plus productive que ses concurrentes. Elle a largement perdu cette suprématie. Mais le rééquilibrage intervenu au cours des trente dernières années n'implique pas de convergence entre les principaux pays industrialisés. Le Royaume-Uni n'a rien rattrapé de son retard, la France et l'Allemagne fédérale ont comblé une bonne partie du leur, tandis que le Japon annulait globalement le sien. Les situations par branche sont aussi très diverses. Au Japon par exemple, la productivité est très élevée dans la sidérurgie, le matériel électrique et électronique, la construction mécanique, très faible au contraire dans le textile et l'agro-alimentaire. Et les différences de salaires entre branches ne gomment que très partiellement les différences de productivité. Deux pays, le Japon et l'Allemagne fédérale, dégagent les plus forts excédents commerciaux. Mais ils le font selon deux logiques opposées. Au Japon, les branches excédentaires ont des productivités élevées, une croissance forte, et sont favorisées par une sous-évaluation du yen. En Allemagne fédérale, les excédents se fondent plutôt sur une réputation de qualité et de savoir-faire, et sont compatibles avec des coûts unitaires élevés et une monnaie surévaluée. L'industrie française ne bénéficie d'aucune de ces deux configurations. [eng] Comparative productivity and competitiveness of the major industrial countries - Just after the Second World War, American industry was much more productive than its competitors. It has largely lost this supremacy. But the new balance that has arisen in the course of the last thirty years does not imply a convergence among the principal industrialized countries. The United Kingdom has in no way caught up, France and West Germany have regained a good deal of lost ground, whereas Japan has entirely arrived. The situations in each branch are also very diverse. In Japan, for example, productivity is very high in the steel industry, electric and electronic equipment, and machinery, but, on the contrary, very weak in textiles and food production. And differences in wages between branches efface only very partially the differences in productivity. Two countries, Japan and West Germany, obtain the largest trade surpluses. But they accomplish this by following opposite systems of logique. In Japan, the branches where there are surpluses show high productivity, strong growth, and have the advantage of an undervalued yen. In West Germany, the surpluses are based rather on a reputation for quality and know-how, and are compatible with high unit costs and an overvalued currency. French industry does not benefit from either of these configurations. [spa] Productividad y com petit ividad com paradas entre grandes paises industriales - En la inmediatasegunda posguerra, la industria norteamericana eramucho más productique sus competidoras. Perdío rotundamente esta supremacía. Pero el reequilibrio intervenido en el transcurso de los últimos treinta años no implica convergencia alguna entre los principales paises industrializados. El Reino Unido no superó su atraso, Francia y Alamenia federal lo superaron algo, mientras que Japon lo anulaba enteramente. Las situaciones por rama industrial son también sumamente diversas. En Japon, por ejemplo, la productividad es considerablemente elevada en la siderurgía, material eléctrico y electrónico, construcción mecánica, poco elevada, al contrario, en las ramas textil y agroalimenticia y las desemejanzas de salarios entre ramas no suelen borrar más que en parte las desemejanzas de productividad. De dos países, Japon y Alemania federal, se desprende el mayor superávit comercial pero según dos lógicas opuestas. En Japon, las ramas en superávit tienen productividad es elevadas, un crecimiento de consideración y se ven aventajadas por una subelevación del yen. En Alemania federal, el superávit es más pronto consecuencia de una fama de calidad y de tino y es compatible con elevados costes unitarios y un cambio supervalorado. La industria francesa no beneficia hoy día de ninguna de ambas configuraciones.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Guinchard, 1984. "Productivité et compétitivité comparées des grands pays industriels," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 162(1), pages 3-13.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1984_num_162_1_4820
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1984.4820
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1984.4820
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1984.4820
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_1984_num_162_1_4820
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.1984.4820?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kravis, Irving B, 1976. "A Survey of International Comparisons of Productivity," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 86(341), pages 1-44, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Glyn, Andrew & Hughes, Alan & Lipietz, Alan & Sigh, Ajit, "undated". "The Rise and Fall of the Golden Age," WIDER Working Papers 295573, United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:dgr:rugggd:200796 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Fremdling, Rainer & De Jong, Herman & Timmer, Marcel P., 2007. "British and German Manufacturing Productivity Compared: A New Benchmark for 1935/36 Based on Double Deflated Value Added," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 67(2), pages 350-378, June.
    3. Robert Inklaar & Marcel P. Timmer, 2014. "The Relative Price of Services," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(4), pages 727-746, December.
    4. repec:dgr:rugggd:200251 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Pilat, Dirk, 1995. "Comparative productivity of Korean manufacturing, 1967-1987," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 123-144, February.
    6. World Bank, 2013. "Measuring the Real Size of the World Economy : The Framework, Methodology, and Results of the International Comparison Program—ICP," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13329.
    7. othman, pazim & mohamad, mohd.rosli, 1995. "SMls: Current Performance and Future Prospects," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 29, pages 79-111.
    8. Prados de la Escosura, Leandro, 2000. "International Comparisons of Real Product, 1820-1990: An Alternative Data Set," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-41, January.
    9. Simon Baptist & Cameron Hepburn, 2012. "Intermediate inputs and economic productivity," GRI Working Papers 95, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
    10. Hitchens, D. M. W. N. & Birnie, J. E. & Wagner, K., 1996. "A matched plant comparison of productivity in East and West Germany: Transition to the market economy," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 321-335, June.
    11. D M W N Hitchens & P N O'Farrell & C D Conway, 1996. "The Competitiveness of Business Services in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and the South East of England," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 28(7), pages 1299-1313, July.
    12. Jamuna Agarwal, 1979. "Productivity of foreign and domestic firms in Indian industries," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 115(1), pages 116-127, March.
    13. Erumban, Abdul A., 2007. "Productivity and Unit Labor Cost in Indian Manufacturing: A Comparative Perspective," GGDC Research Memorandum 200796, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen.
    14. Esfahani, Hadi Salehi & Mookherjee, Dilip, 1995. "Productivity, contracting modes, and development," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 203-231, April.
    15. Peter Hooper & Kathryn A. Larin, 1988. "International comparisons of labor costs in manufacturing," International Finance Discussion Papers 330, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    16. Trueblood, Michael A., 1994. "An Annotated Bibliography Of Selected Productivity Literature," Staff Papers 13580, University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics.
    17. Michaël Freudenberg & Deniz Ünal-Kesenci, 1994. "French and German Productivity Levels in Manufacturing: A Comparison Based on the Industry-of-Origin Method," Working Papers 1994-10, CEPII research center.
    18. Donges, Juergen Bernhard, 1986. "The West German economy towards the year 2000: an analysis of structural change," Kiel Working Papers 268, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    19. F. Javier Escribá & María José Murgui, 2001. "Tecnología, cambio estructural y convergencia en las regiones españolas (1980-1995)," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 25(2), pages 335-357, May.
    20. Ark, Bart van & Timmer, Marcel & Inklaar, Robert, 2002. "The Canada-U.S. manufacturing productivity gap revisited: new ICOP results," GGDC Research Memorandum 200251, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen.
    21. Capalbo, Susan M. & Ball, V. Eldon & Denny, Michael G. S., 1990. "International Comparisons of Agricultural Productivity: Development and Usefulness," 1990 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Vancouver, Canada 270853, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1984_num_162_1_4820. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.