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Héritages et donations immobilières

Author

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  • Geneviève Canceill

Abstract

[fre] De 1962 à 1975, le patrimoine immobilier transmis par héritage et donation a triplé, signe d'un enrichissement des ménages. Les trois quarts des mutations à titre gratuit sont des héritages, d'une valeur moyenne de 82100 F (contre 95 500 F pour les donations). La préférence des détenteurs de patrimoine pour l'une ou l'autre forme de transmission varie en fonction de la législation fiscale tout au long de la période. Il reste que le recours à la donation est plus fréquent pour les exploitations agricoles, et plus généralement pour les biens immobiliers professionnels. Les ménages dont le chef appartient à une catégorie socioprofessionnelle traditionnellement détentrice de patrimoine (exploitants agricoles, professions indépendantes, cadres supérieurs) sont plus souvent bénéficiaires d'un héritage ou d'une donation. L'inégalité devant la valeur des biens transmis renforce l'inégalité des chances a être simplement bénéficiaire. Un ouvrier a près de trois fois moins de chances d'être héritier ou donataire qu'un industriel ou gros commerçant, et quand il l'est, il reçoit un patrimoine immobilier d'une valeur cinq fois plus faible. [eng] From 1962 to 1975, real estate transferred through inheritance or gift tripled, which was a sign of the growing affluence of households. Three-fourths of the free transferals were in the form of inheritances, of an average value of 82,100 FF (as compared with 95,500 FF for gifts). The preference of wealth holders for one or the other means of transferal was largely determined by tax' laws throughout the period. For example, gifts were more frequent when leaving farms or farmland and business real estate. Households whose head belonged to a social category which traditionally owns property (farmers, self-employed, higher-level excutives) were more often the beneficiaries of an inheritance or gift. To the inequality of the value of the goods transferred must be added the inequailty of chances of being a beneficiary at all. A worker had three times less chance of receiving an inheritance or gift than the owner of a factory or large business, and when he did, the value of the real estate received was five times less. [spa] De 1962 a 1975, el patrimonio inmobiliario transmitido por herencia y donación triplicó, testimonio del acaudalamiento de los hogares. Los tres cuartos de las transmisiones gratis son herencias de un valor medio de 82100 francos (contra 95 500 para las donaciones). La preferencia de los poseedores de patrimonio hacia una de las dos formas de transmisión varía en función de la ley fiscal a lo largo de todo el período. Es de senalar que se acude a la donación con mayor frecuencia para las explotaciones agrícolas y más aún tratándose de bienes inmobiliarios profesionales. Los hogares, cuyo cabeza pertenece a una categoría socioprofesional poseedora tradicionalmente de un patrimonio (explotantes agrícolas, profesiones independientes, cuadros superiores) se benefician más a menudo de una herencia o donación. La desemejanza frente al valor de los bienes transmitidos acentua la desemejanza de oportunidades de llegar a ser simplemente beneficiario. Un obrero tiene tres veces menos oportunidad de cobrar una herencia o una donación que un industrial o un gran comerciante y de tener la suerte de conseguirlo, el patrimonio inmobiliario que recibirá tendra un valor cinco veces menor.

Suggested Citation

  • Geneviève Canceill, 1979. "Héritages et donations immobilières," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 114(1), pages 95-102.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1979_num_114_1_2831
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1979.2831
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1979.2831
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    Cited by:

    1. Annie Fouquet & Monique Meron, 1982. "Héritages et donations," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 145(1), pages 83-98.
    2. Claude Taffin, 1983. "L'endettement grève de 10 % le patrimoine en logements des ménages," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 160(1), pages 63-68.
    3. Claude Taffin, 1985. "Accession à la propriété et «rurbanisation»," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 175(1), pages 55-67.

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