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Approche expérimentale de l'incidence de la fiscalité sur l'offre de travail : une étude comparative des systèmes d'imposition

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  • Claude Montmarquette
  • David Masclet

Abstract

[fre] Si la fiscalité est indispensable pour assurer le bon fonctionnement de l’État, elle peut toutefois faire peser un certain nombre de menaces sur les performances de l’économie et, dans une certaine mesure, décourager l’offre de travail des individus. L’enjeu de cet article est de savoir si l’incidence fiscale sur l’offre de travail et sur les rentrées fiscales est identique selon le système d’imposition en vigueur. Ainsi, un système progressif décourage-t-il davantage l’offre de travail qu’un système proportionnel ? Quel système de taxation permet à l’État de remplir au mieux son rôle redistributif ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, l’approche mobilisée est l’économie expérimentale. Trois traitements ont été réalisés. Dans un premier traitement, les participants doivent réaliser un effort réel sous un système d'imposition proportionnel. Dans un second traitement, le système d’imposition en vigueur est un système progressif. Enfin dans un troisième traitement, les participants sont confrontés successivement à plusieurs systèmes d’imposition. Ce dernier traitement permet d’étudier l’incidence de changement de système sur les décisions individuelles. Nos résultats expérimentaux montrent, sans aucune ambiguïté, que les effets désincitatifs sur l’offre de travail sont plus importants sous un système progressif que sous un système proportionnel. Enfin, un autre résultat intéressant de notre étude est que les individus ne sont pas uniquement influencés par leur propre système fiscal mais également par leurs expériences fiscales précédentes. [eng] While taxation is essential to ensure the proper functioning of the State, it can pose threats to economic performance and – to some extent – discourage individuals from supplying labor. This article examines whether different tax systems have an identical incidence on labor supply and tax revenues. For instance, does a progressive system discourage labor supply more than a proportional system ? Which tax system allows the State to play its redistributive role most effectively ? To address these questions, we have chosen three experimental tests. In the first, participants have have to make a real effort under a proportional tax system. In the second test, we apply a progressive system. In the third test, participants are subjected to several tax systems in succession. The latter test enables us to measure the incidence of system change on individual decisions. Our experimental results show unambiguously that a progressive system has a greater disincentive effect on labor supply than a proportional system. Another interesting result of our study is that individuals are influenced not only by their present tax system but also by their earlier tax experience.

Suggested Citation

  • Claude Montmarquette & David Masclet, 2008. "Approche expérimentale de l'incidence de la fiscalité sur l'offre de travail : une étude comparative des systèmes d'imposition," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 182(1), pages 47-59.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2008_num_182_1_7751
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2008.7751
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2008.7751
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C91 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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