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Hétérogénéité spatiale : principes et méthodes

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  • Julie Le Gallo

Abstract

[fre] L ’ objectif de cet article est double . D ’ une part , nous présentons les principales spécifications économétriques permettant de capter le phénomène de l ’ hétérogénéité spatiale , qui se traduit sous la forme d ’ une instabilité des paramètres dans l ’ espace et / ou d ’ une hétéroscédasticité des termes d ’ erreurs . Seules les spécifications valables en coupe transversale sont examinées . D ’ autre part , nous explicitons les liens entre hétérogénéité et autocorrélation spatiales , l ’ autre grande spécificité des données localisées qui est définie par l ’ absence d ’ indépendance entre observations géographiques . En particulier , nous examinons dans quelle mesure les tests traditionnels d ’ hétéroscédasticité ou d ’ instabilité doivent être amendés pour tenir compte de l ’ autocorrélation spatiale . Une application , destinée à illustrer les principales modélisations et les différents tests , est également proposée . Mots-clés : hétérogénéité spatiale , économétrie spatiale , instabilité structurelle , hétéroscédasticité [eng] Spatial Heterogeneity : Principles and Methods . . This article has a dual purpose . First , it describes the main econometric specifications which can be used to represent spatial heterogeneity , reflected in an instability of parameters in space and / or a heteroscedasticity of error terms . Only the specifications valid in cross-section are examined . Second , it explains the links between spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation , the other major feature of localised data , defined by the absence of independence between geographical observations . In particular , we look at the extent to which traditional tests of heteroscedasticity or instability need to be amended to take account of spatial autocorrelation . An application designed to illustrate the main models and the different tests is also proposed . Key-words : spatial heterogeneity , spatial econometrics , structural instability , heteroscedasticity

Suggested Citation

  • Julie Le Gallo, 2004. "Hétérogénéité spatiale : principes et méthodes," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 162(1), pages 151-172.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2004_num_162_1_6939
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2004.6939
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2004.6939
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    4. Magali Jaoul-Grammare & Karine Pellier, 2020. "The evolution of regional differences in French university supply between 1980 and 2000: Specialisation or diversification? [L’évolution des écarts régionaux d’offre universitaire en France entre 1," Post-Print halshs-03345631, HAL.
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