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Demande de facteurs et productivité dans le long terme : l'apport des fonctions à capital quasi-fixe

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  • Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne
  • Norbert Ladoux

Abstract

[eng] Production factor demand and long-term productivity : the contribution of the quasi-fixed capital production function, . by Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, Norbert Ladoux.. . The fixed or quasi-fixed capital functions allow us to distinguish the short run from long run behaviour of the producer, which is not the case in the classical functions. The main contribution of this paper is the explicit calculation of the long run elasticities of substitution. As an empirical application, we estimate a translog quasi-fixed capital function for three sectors of the french economy. Our results show that it is impossible to consider, as it is sometimes done, that the elasticities computed through classical cost functions (in particular the capital-energy elasticity) are long run elasticities. In addition, we give an estimate of the utilization rate of the production capacity, as well as an estimate of the total factors productivity (which are not very different from that obtained when the capital stock is optimal). We also furnish an evaluation of productivity trends affecting each productive factor. Our results include the levels of significance of each computed variable. [fre] Demande de facteurs et productivité dans le long terme : l'apport des fonctions à capital quasi fixe, . par Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, Norbert Ladoux.. . Contrairement aux formes flexibles traditionnelles, les fonctions à capital fixe (ou quasi fixe) permettent de distinguer les comportements de court terme des comportements de long terme du producteur. L'apport essentiel de cet article réside dans le calcul explicite des élasticités de long terme. L'application empirique consiste à estimer une fonction translog à capital fixe pour trois branches de l'économie française. Nos résultats montrent qu'il n'est pas possible, comme on le fait parfois, d'interpréter les élasticités calculées sur la base des fonctions translog classiques (en particulier, l'élasticité capital-énergie) comme des élasticités décrivant les comportements de long terme. Outre une évaluation du taux d'utilisation des capacités de production, les estimations de la productivité globale des facteurs (en fait peu affectée par la non-optimalité du capital), ainsi que des progrès techniques augmentant chacun d'eux, sont présentées. Les seuils de significativité des grandeurs calculées sont indiqués. [ger] Faktorennachfrage und Ertragsfähigkeit auf lange Sicht : der Beitrag der auf das Quasirealkapital bezogenen Funktionen, . von Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, Norbert Ladoux.. . Im Gegensatz zu den traditionellen, flexiblen Formen erlauben die auf das Realkapital (oder Quasirealkapital) bezogenen Funktionen, die kurzfristigen von den langfnstigen Verhaltensweisen eines Herstellers zu unterscheiden. Der wesentliche Beitrag dieses Artikels liegt in der expliziten Ermittlung der langfristigen Elastizitäten. Die empinsche Anwendung besteht in der Schätzung einer auf das Realkapital bezogenen Translog-Funktion für drei Branchen der französischen Wirtschaft. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es nicht möglich ist, wie es bisweilen vorkommt, die auf der Grundlage der klassischen Translog-Funktion errechneten Elastizitäten (insbesondere die Kapital-Energieelastizität) als langfristige Verhaltensweisen beschreibende Elastizitäten zu interpretieren. Ausser dem Auslastungsgrad der Produktionskapazitäten werden die globale Ertragsfähigkeit der Faktoren (die durch die Nichtoptimierung des Kapitals tatsächlich nur genngfügig betroffen wird) sowie die technischen Fortschntte, die deren Steigerung ermöglichen, geschätzt. Die Signifikanzschwellen der errechneten Grössen und Vanablen werden hervorgehoben. [spa] Demanda de factores y productividad a largo plazo : el aporte de las funciones con capital casi fijo, . por Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, Norbert Ladoux.. . Contranamente a las funciones flexibles clásicas, las funciones con capital fijo (o casi fijo) permiten distingua los comportamientos de corto plazo de los comportamientos de largo plazo del productor. El aporte esencial de este artículo reside en el cálculo explícito de las elasticidades de largo plazo. La aplicación empírica consiste en estimar una función translog de capital fijo para tres ramas de la economía francesa. Nuestros resultados muestran que es imposible, como se hace en algunas ocasiones, interpretar las elasticidades calculadas en base a funciones translog clásicas (en particular, la elasticidad capital-energía) como elasticidades que descnben los comportamientos de largo plazo. Se presentan, además de una evaluación de la tasa de utilización de las capacidades de producción, las estimaciones de la productividad global de los factores (en realidad poco influenciada por la no optimalidad del capital), asi como los progresos técnicos que incrementan cada uno de ellos. Se indican los umbrales de significatividad de las magnitudes calculadas.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne & Norbert Ladoux, 1989. "Demande de facteurs et productivité dans le long terme : l'apport des fonctions à capital quasi-fixe," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(5), pages 43-56.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1989_num_91_5_5138
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1989.5138
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1989.5138
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Morrison, Catherine J, 1986. "Structural Models of Dynamic Factor Demands with Nonstatic Expectations: An Empirical Assessment of Alternative Expectations Specifications," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 27(2), pages 365-386, June.
    2. Prucha, Ingmar R. & Nadiri, M. Ishaq, 1986. "A comparison of alternative methods for the estimation of dynamic factor demand models under non-static expectations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1-2), pages 187-211.
    3. Morrison, Catherine J., 1986. "Productivity measurement with non-static expectations and varying capacity utilization : An integrated approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1-2), pages 51-74.
    4. Anderson, Richard G & Thursby, Jerry G, 1986. "Confidence Intervals for Elasticity Estimators in Translog Models," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 68(4), pages 647-656, November.
    5. Henri Sterdyniak & Sanvi Avouyi-Dovi, 1986. "Une série de coût d'usage du capital," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 15(1), pages 217-226.
    6. Browning, M J, 1983. "Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Conditional Cost Functions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 51(3), pages 851-856, May.
    7. Berndt, Ernst R. & Fuss, Melvyn A., 1986. "Productivity measurement with adjustments for variations in capacity utilization and other forms of temporary equilibrium," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1-2), pages 7-29.
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    1. Alain Charmant & Jean Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne & Norbert Ladoux, 1990. "Énergie et productivité : un lien assez lâche," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 237(1), pages 121-133.
    2. Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne, 1990. "Chocs pétroliers et industrie : apports récents de l'économétrie de la production," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(5), pages 21-32.

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