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Taux d'intérêt et système bancaire

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  • Philippe Szymczak

Abstract

[eng] Interest rates and the banking system, . by Philippe Szymczak.. . I n the face of macro-economic trends and the changing financial systems in the main Oecd member states, the financial intermediaries have shown different vulnerability and adaptability profiles from country to country and from one category of organization to another. . . A simulation model of the profitability of commercial bank intermediation operations was developed to analyse certain aspects of this vulnerability to macro-financial developments in the case of France. Based on the synthetic analysis of bank balance-sheets and profit and loss accounts, this model which the author presents in the first part of the paper can be used, amongst other things, to identify the repricing gap which is at the root of the vulnerability of the French banks' interest margin in the face of decreases in the general level of interest rates. It also shows up certain constraints which are brought to bear on the structure of interest rates. . . But this general model can only simulate the mean, overall changes, which cover a whole range of situations differing widely from one individual case or category to another. In order to account for certain aspects of this heterogeneous nature of the French banking system, five models were drawn up to cover different categories. They are presented in the second part of the paper and demonstrate how different types of banking establishment do indeed show differing sensitivity profiles with regard to changing interest rate levels and structures. . . Finally, an analysis of debit rates also needs to take into account banking intermediation costs in general. A study of the profitability threshold of intermediation operations was therefore carried out. This approach reveals that commercial banks set debit rates as a mark-up over their costs and sheds some light on certain reasons behind the slow decreare of debit rates in periods of disinflation. . . JEL: 312 [fre] Taux d'intérêt et système bancaire, . par Philippe Szymczak.. . Face aux évolutions du contexte macroéconomique et aux mutations des systèmes financiers des principaux pays de l'Ocdé, les intermédiaires financiers ont présenté, d'un pays et d'un type d'institution à l'autre, des profils de vulnérabilité et des modalités d'ajustement contrasté. . . C'est afin d'analyser, dans le cas français, certains aspects de cette sensibilité aux évolutions macro-financières qu'un modèle de simulation de la rentabilité des opérations d'intermédiation des banques commerciales a été élaboré. Reposant sur une analyse synthétique des bilans et des comptes de résultats bancaires, cette maquette présentée en première partie permet, en particulier, l'identification de l'écart d'indexation qui est à l'origine de la vulnérabilité de la marge d'intérêt des banques françaises à la baisse des taux directeurs et met en évidence certaines des contraintes pesant sur la structure des taux d'intérêt. . . Mais cette maquette d'ensemble ne peut simuler que des évolutions globales et moyennes qui recouvrent des situations individuelles et catégorielles contrastées. Afin de rendre compte de certains aspects de cette hétérogénéité du système bancaire français, cinq maquettes catégorielles ont été construites. Présentées en une seconde partie, elles suggèrent que les divers types d'établissements bancaires présentent effectivement des profils contrastés de sensibilité à l'évolution du niveau et de la structure des taux d'intérêt. . . L'analyse de la dynamique des taux débiteurs nécessitait enfin la prise en compte de l'ensemble des coûts d'intermédiation bancaires. C'est pourquoi une étude de l'évolution du seuil de rentabilité des opérations d'intermédiation a été réalisée. Montrant que la détermination des taux d'intérêt débiteurs obéit à un comportement de marge, cette approche permet d'éclairer certains des fondements de l'inertie à la baisse des taux d'intérêt débiteurs en période de désinflation.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Szymczak, 1987. "Taux d'intérêt et système bancaire," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 77(1), pages 3-39.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1987_num_77_1_4963
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1987.4963
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1987.4963
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baltensperger, Ernst, 1980. "Alternative approaches to the theory of the banking firm," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 1-37, January.
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    1. Michel Boutillier & Sabine Dérangère, 1992. "Le taux du crédit accordé aux entreprises françaises : coûts opératoires des banques et prime de risque de défaut," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(2), pages 363-382.
    2. Michel Boutillier & Daniel Gabrielli & Dominique Plihon, 1988. "La baisse des taux d'intérêt en France : quels effets en attendre ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(4), pages 841-876.

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