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Une utopie utilitariste : Jeremy Bentham et les colonies

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  • Annie L. Cot

Abstract

[fre] La position anticolonialiste de Bentham s'appuie sur un argumentaire en trois points : . 1) En matière de relations internationales, les colonies sont sources de tensions coûteuses. . 2) Dans le domaine de la théorie économique, Bentham montre que le capital qui y est employé ne rapporte pas de profits normaux et que les colons sont entretenus par les contribuables de la métropole. L'argument est central et affirmé avec force — contre Smith : c'est le stock de capital disponible, et non l'étendue du marché, qui détermine le volume des échanges. . 3) Enfin, pour ce qui concerne la morale, Bentham fait appel aux droits de l'homme— position surprenante s'il en est, sous la plume de celui qui fustigeait ces « non-sens », voire « non-sens sur des échasses » en évoquant l'imprescriptibilité des droits naturels. Ce dernier domaine permet cependant un curieux retournement. Car les colonies peuvent aussi être pensées comme domaine d'expérimentation de l'utopie du législateur et du réformateur social. [eng] Bentham's opinion about colonies is based on three points : . 1) In the field of international relations, colonies create costly conflitcs. . 2) In the field of economics, Bentham shows the low profitability of capital because mother country bears all the costs. Especially, he emphasizes (in opposition to Smith) that the amount of exchanges is limited by the stocks of capital, and not by the extent of the market.

Suggested Citation

  • Annie L. Cot, 1996. "Une utopie utilitariste : Jeremy Bentham et les colonies," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 27(1), pages 193-210.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1996_num_27_1_1203
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1996.1203
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1996.1203
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Enzo Pesciarelli, 1989. "Smith, Bentham, and the Development of Contrasting Ideas on Entrepreneurship," History of Political Economy, Duke University Press, vol. 21(3), pages 521-536, Fall.
    2. Alain Béraud & Gilbert Faccarello, 2000. "Nouvelle histoire de la pensée économique, tome 3," Post-Print halshs-00201476, HAL.
    3. Frank Petrella, 1977. "Benthamism and the demise of Classical economic Ordnungspolitik," History of Political Economy, Duke University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 215-236, Summer.
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