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Willingness to pay for improvements in rural sanitation: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey of three rural counties in Kenya

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  • Diana Mutuku Mulatya
  • Vincent Were
  • Joseph Olewe
  • Japheth Mbuvi

Abstract

Poor sanitation worldwide leads to an annual loss of approximately $222.9 billion and is the second leading cause of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY’s) lost due to diarrhoea. Yet in Kenya, the slow rate and levels at which the household’s access improved sanitation facilities remain a concern, and it is unknown if the cost of new technologies is a barrier to access. This study assessed the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for SAFI and SATO sanitation products and identified those factors that affect the willingness to pay (WTP) valuation estimates by households in three counties in Kenya. It used quantitative economic evaluation research integrated within a cross-sectional survey. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to determine the maximum WTP for sanitation in households. We used the logistic regression model in data analysis. A total of 211 households were interviewed in each county, giving a total sample size of 633 households. The mean WTP for SAFI latrines was $153.39 per household, while the mean WTP for SATO pans and SATO stools was $11.49 and $14.77 respectively. For SAFI latrines, households in Kakamega were willing to pay $6.6 more than average while in Siaya, the households were willing to pay $5.1 less than the average. The main determinants of households WTP for the two sanitation products included household’s proximity to the toilet (p = 0.0001), household income (β = .2245741, p = 0.004), sanitation product (β = -2968.091; p = 0.004), socioeconomic status (β = -3305.728, p = 0.004) and a household’s satisfaction level with the current toilet (β = -4570.602; p = 0.0001). Increased proximity of households to the toilet, higher incomes, and providing loan facilities or subsidy to poor households could increase the demand for these sanitation technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Diana Mutuku Mulatya & Vincent Were & Joseph Olewe & Japheth Mbuvi, 2021. "Willingness to pay for improvements in rural sanitation: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey of three rural counties in Kenya," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0248223
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. E. Dickson & C. J. Schuster-Wallace & J. J. Newton, 2016. "Water Security Assessment Indicators: The Rural Context," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1567-1604, March.
    2. S. Dickson & C. Schuster-Wallace & J. Newton, 2016. "Water Security Assessment Indicators: The Rural Context," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1567-1604, March.
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    1. Sooriyakumar Krishnapillai & Linoja Sajanthan & Sivashankar Sivakumar, 2023. "Households’ willingness to pay for sustainable sanitation and wastewater management in Jaffna municipal area, Sri Lanka," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 13(2), pages 312-320, June.

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