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A systematic review and meta-analysis on the rate of human schistosomiasis reinfection

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  • Abdallah Zacharia
  • Vivian Mushi
  • Twilumba Makene

Abstract

While praziquantel mass drug administration is currently the most widely used method in the control of human schistosomiasis, it does not prevent subsequent reinfection hence persistent transmission. Towards schistosomiasis elimination, understanding the reinfection rate is crucial in planning for the future interventions. However, there is scarcity of information on the global reinfection rate of schistosomiasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing studies that estimated the reinfection rate of human schistosomiasis. Three data bases (PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar) were thoroughly searched to retrieve original research articles presenting data on reinfection rate of human schistosomiasis. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed based on Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted using statistical R version 3.6.2 and R Studio using “meta” and “metafor” packages. Random effect model was employed to estimate pooled reinfection rates. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran’s Q (chi-square)–test and Higgins I2 statistics. A total of 29 studies met inclusion criteria to be included in this review. All studies had at least satisfactory (5–9 scores) quality. The overal mean and pooled reinfection rates of schistosomiasis were 36.1% (±23.3%) and 33.2% (95% CI, 26.5–40.5%) respectively. For intestinal schistosomiasis, the mean and pooled reinfection rates were 43.9% (±20.6%) and 43.4% (95% CI, 35.8–51.4%), and that for urogenital schistosomiasis were 17.6% (±10.8%) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.3%– 29.2%) respectively. Cochran’s Q (chi-square)–test and Higgins I2 statistic indicated significant heterogeneity across studies (p-values 95%). Results of subgroup analysis showed that, the type of Schistosoma species, participants’ age group, sample size and geographical area had influence on disparity variation in reinfection rate of schistosomiasis (p

Suggested Citation

  • Abdallah Zacharia & Vivian Mushi & Twilumba Makene, 2020. "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the rate of human schistosomiasis reinfection," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0243224
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243224
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Evaristus Chibunna Mbanefo & Nguyen Tien Huy & Anita Akpeedje Wadagni & Christine Ifeoma Eneanya & Obioma Nwaorgu & Kenji Hirayama, 2014. "Host Determinants of Reinfection with Schistosomes in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Andréa Gazzinelli & Roberta Oliveira-Prado & Leonardo Ferreira Matoso & Bráulio M Veloso & Gisele Andrade & Helmut Kloos & Jeffrey M Bethony & Renato M Assunção & Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira, 2017. "Schistosoma mansoni reinfection: Analysis of risk factors by classification and regression tree (CART) modeling," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Jin & Young-Ha Lee & Seungman Cha & In-Uk Choi & Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail & Mousab Siddig Elhag & Sung-Tae Hong, 2021. "Transmission Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium among School-Aged Children: A Cohort Study on Prevalence, Reinfection and Incidence after Mass Drug Administration in the White Nile State of Sudan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, November.

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