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Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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  • Muluneh Alene
  • Leltework Yismaw
  • Yebelay Berelie
  • Bekalu Kassie
  • Reta Yeshambel
  • Moges Agazhe Assemie

Abstract

Background: Unintended pregnancy has significant consequences for the health and welfare of women and children. Despite this, a number of studies with inconsistent findings were conducted to reduce unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia; unavailability of a nationwide study that determines the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its determinants is an important research gap. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the overall prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases for studies. Each of the original studies was assessed using a tool for the risk of bias of observational studies. The heterogeneity of studies was also assessed using I2 test statistics. Data were pooled and a random effect meta-analysis model was fitted to provide the overall prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its determinants in Ethiopia. In addition, the subgroup analyses were performed to investigate how the prevalence of unintended pregnancy varies across different groups of studies. Results: Twenty-eight studies that satisfy the eligibility criteria were included. We found that the overall prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia was 28% (95% CI: 26–31). The subgroup analyses showed that the highest prevalence of unintended pregnancy was observed from the Oromiya region (33.8%) followed by Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ region (30.6%) and the lowest was in Harar. In addition, the pooled prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 26.4% (20.8–32.4) and 30.0% (26.6–33.6) for community-based cross-sectional and institution-based cross-sectional studies respectively. The pooled analysis showed that not communicating with one’s husband about family planning was more likely to lead to unintended pregnancy (OR: 3.56, 95%CI: 1.68–7.53). The pooled odds ratio also showed that unintended pregnancy is more likely among women who never use family planning methods (OR: 2.08, 95%CI: 1.18–3.69). Furthermore, the narrative review of this study showed that maternal education, age, and household wealth index are strongly associated with an unintended pregnancy. Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was high. Lack of spousal communication, never using family planning, maternal education, and household wealth level were significantly associated with an unintended pregnancy. This study implies the need to develop plans and policies to improve the awareness of contraceptive utilization and strengthen spousal communication related to pregnancy.

Suggested Citation

  • Muluneh Alene & Leltework Yismaw & Yebelay Berelie & Bekalu Kassie & Reta Yeshambel & Moges Agazhe Assemie, 2020. "Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0231012
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jennifer Anne Hall & Geraldine Barrett & Tambosi Phiri & Andrew Copas & Address Malata & Judith Stephenson, 2016. "Prevalence and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy in Mchinji District, Malawi; Using a Conceptual Hierarchy to Inform Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Dereje Habte & Sisay Teklu & Tadele Melese & Mgaywa G M D Magafu, 2013. "Correlates of Unintended Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Results From a National Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-1, December.
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    1. Muluneh Alene & Leltework Yismaw & Moges Agazhe Assemie & Daniel Bekele Ketema & Belayneh Mengist & Bekalu Kassie & Tilahun Yemanu Birhan, 2021. "Magnitude of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases throughout the course of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Tenaw Yimer Tiruye & Melissa L. Harris & Catherine Chojenta & Elizabeth Holliday & Deborah Loxton, 2020. "Intimate partner violence against women in Ethiopia and its association with unintended pregnancy: a national cross-sectional survey," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(9), pages 1657-1667, December.

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