Mortality in working-age population during the Great Recession and austerity in Spain

Objective: To analyze the mortality trend in Spain before, during and after the economic crisis and austerity policies in the working-age population. Methods: From 2005 to 2016 we calculated the annual all-cause mortality rate and the annual mortality rate from the main causes of death in the population aged 15 to 64. We also estimated the linear trends in mortality rates during four time intervals—2005–2007 (before crisis), 2008–2010 (first part of the crisis), 2011–2013 (second part of the crisis and implementation of austerity policies) and 2014–2016 (after the crisis)- by the annual percentage change (APC). Results: The all-cause mortality rate in men and women showed the greatest decline in 2008–2010 and the smallest decline in 2014–2016. The decline in 2011–2013 was higher than in 2014–2016. The APCs in 2005–2007, 2008–2010, 2011–2013 and 2014–2016 were -2.8, -4.1, -3.0 and -1.5 in men and -1.0. -2.1, -1.1 and -0.6 in women, respectively, although the APC in 2014–2016 in women was not significant. In 2014–2016, cancer mortality showed the largest decrease, mortality from cardiovascular diseases (men), respiratory diseases and traffic accidents reversed and showed an upward trend, and the downward trend in mortality from infectious diseases and digestive diseases was equal to or greater than that observed before the crisis. Conclusion: The decline in all-cause mortality in the working-age population during the economic crisis and the introduction of austerity measures was greater than that observed before and after the economic crisis. The slowing of the decline after the crisis was due to the reversal of the trend in mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.