IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0195109.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Retailer Stackelberg game in a supply chain with pricing and service decisions and simple price discount contract

Author

Listed:
  • Seyed Jafar Sadjadi
  • Hashem Asadi
  • Ramin Sadeghian
  • Hadi Sahebi

Abstract

This paper studies the Retailer Stackelberg game in a supply chain consisting of two manufacturers and one retailer where they compete simultaneously under three factors including price, service and simple price discount contract. It is assumed that the second manufacturer provides service directly to his customers, and the retailer provides service for the first product’s customers, while the retailer buys the first product under price discount from the first manufacturer. The analysis of the optimal equilibrium solutions and the results of the numerical examples show that if a manufacturer chooses the appropriate range of discount rate, he will gain more profit than when there is no discount given to the retailer. This situation can be considered as an effective tool for the coordination of the first manufacturer and the retailer to offer discount by manufacturer and to provide the service by the retailer. We obtain equilibrium solution of Retailer Stackelberg game and analyze the numerical examples under two cases: a) the manufacturers sell their products to the retailer without price discount contract. b) The first manufacturer sells his products to the retailer with the simple price discount contract. The preliminary results show that the service and the price discount contract can improve the performance of supply chain.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyed Jafar Sadjadi & Hashem Asadi & Ramin Sadeghian & Hadi Sahebi, 2018. "Retailer Stackelberg game in a supply chain with pricing and service decisions and simple price discount contract," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0195109
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195109
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0195109
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0195109&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0195109?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yue, Jinfeng & Austin, Jill & Wang, Min-Chiang & Huang, Zhimin, 2006. "Coordination of cooperative advertising in a two-level supply chain when manufacturer offers discount," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 168(1), pages 65-85, January.
    2. Zhen-Zheng Zhang & Zong-Jun Wang & Li-Wen Liu, 2015. "Retail Services and Pricing Decisions in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Remanufacturing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Xu Chen & Xiaojun Wang & Xinkuang Jiang, 2016. "The impact of power structure on the retail service supply chain with an O2O mixed channel," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 67(2), pages 294-301, February.
    4. Xiao, Tiaojun & Xu, Tiantian, 2013. "Coordinating price and service level decisions for a supply chain with deteriorating item under vendor managed inventory," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(2), pages 743-752.
    5. Lu, Jye-Chyi & Tsao, Yu-Chung & Charoensiriwath, Chayakrit, 2011. "Competition under manufacturer service and retail price," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 1256-1264, May.
    6. Jena, Sarat Kumar & Sarmah, S.P., 2016. "Price and service co-opetiton under uncertain demand and condition of used items in a remanufacturing system," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1-21.
    7. Venegas, Bárbara B. & Ventura, José A., 2018. "A two-stage supply chain coordination mechanism considering price sensitive demand and quantity discounts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 264(2), pages 524-533.
    8. Fernando Bernstein & Awi Federgruen, 2005. "Decentralized Supply Chains with Competing Retailers Under Demand Uncertainty," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(1), pages 18-29, January.
    9. Ali, Syed Mithun & Rahman, Md. Hafizur & Tumpa, Tasmia Jannat & Moghul Rifat, Abid Ali & Paul, Sanjoy Kumar, 2018. "Examining price and service competition among retailers in a supply chain under potential demand disruption," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 40-47.
    10. Yan, Ruiliang & Pei, Zhi, 2009. "Retail services and firm profit in a dual-channel market," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 306-314.
    11. Xiao, Tiaojun & Yang, Danqin, 2008. "Price and service competition of supply chains with risk-averse retailers under demand uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(1), pages 187-200, July.
    12. Yao, Dong-Qing & Liu, John J., 2005. "Competitive pricing of mixed retail and e-tail distribution channels," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 235-247, June.
    13. Wei Hu & Yongjian Li, 2012. "Retail service for mixed retail and E-tail channels," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 192(1), pages 151-171, January.
    14. Chen, Yun Chu & Fang, Shu-Cherng & Wen, Ue-Pyng, 2013. "Pricing policies for substitutable products in a supply chain with Internet and traditional channels," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 224(3), pages 542-551.
    15. Xia, Yusen & Gilbert, Stephen M., 2007. "Strategic interactions between channel structure and demand enhancing services," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 181(1), pages 252-265, August.
    16. Luo, Chunlin & Leng, Mingming & Huang, Jian & Liang, Liping, 2014. "Supply chain analysis under a price-discount incentive scheme for electric vehicles," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 235(1), pages 329-333.
    17. Wu, Cheng-Han, 2012. "Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 496-507.
    18. Zissis, Dimitris & Ioannou, George & Burnetas, Apostolos, 2015. "Supply chain coordination under discrete information asymmetries and quantity discounts," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 21-29.
    19. Cai, Gangshu (George) & Zhang, Zhe George & Zhang, Michael, 2009. "Game theoretical perspectives on dual-channel supply chain competition with price discounts and pricing schemes," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 80-96, January.
    20. Pei, Zhi & Yan, Ruiliang, 2015. "Do channel members value supportive retail services? Why?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1350-1358.
    21. Dumrongsiri, Aussadavut & Fan, Ming & Jain, Apurva & Moinzadeh, Kamran, 2008. "A supply chain model with direct and retail channels," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 187(3), pages 691-718, June.
    22. Andy A. Tsay & Narendra Agrawal, 2000. "Channel Dynamics Under Price and Service Competition," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 2(4), pages 372-391, August.
    23. Zhao, Jing & Wang, Lisha, 2015. "Pricing and retail service decisions in fuzzy uncertainty environments," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 580-592.
    24. Nie, Tengfei & Du, Shaofu, 2017. "Dual-fairness supply chain with quantity discount contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(2), pages 491-500.
    25. Lu, Jye-Chyi & Tsao, Yu-Chung & Charoensiriwath, Chayakrit & Dong, Ming, 2012. "Dynamic decision-making in a two-stage supply chain with repeated transactions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(2), pages 211-225.
    26. Hsieh, Chung-Chi & Liu, Yu-Te & Wang, Wei-Ming, 2010. "Coordinating ordering and pricing decisions in a two-stage distribution system with price-sensitive demand through short-term discounting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 207(1), pages 142-151, November.
    27. Chen, Jing, 2011. "Returns with wholesale-price-discount contract in a newsvendor problem," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(1), pages 104-111, March.
    28. Khouja, Moutaz & Park, Sungjune & Zhou, Jing, 2013. "A free gift card alternative to price discounts in the newsvendor problem," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 665-678.
    29. Kurata, Hisashi & Nam, Seong-Hyun, 2010. "After-sales service competition in a supply chain: Optimization of customer satisfaction level or profit or both?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(1), pages 136-146, September.
    30. Kurata, Hisashi & Nam, Seong-Hyun, 2013. "After-sales service competition in a supply chain: Does uncertainty affect the conflict between profit maximization and customer satisfaction?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 268-280.
    31. Yao, Dong-Qing & Yue, Xiaohang & Liu, John, 2008. "Vertical cost information sharing in a supply chain with value-adding retailers," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 838-851, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yuan, Yichao & Xiao, Tiaojun, 2022. "Retailer's decoy strategy versus consumers' reference price effect in a retailer-Stackelberg supply chain," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    2. Yue Wang & Baoying Xin & Zhe Wang & Bangyi Li, 2019. "Managing Supplier-Manufacturer Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Product Design and Take-Back Legislation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    3. Li Cheng & Liu Conglin, 2023. "Game analysis and pricing strategy of duopoly airlines based on service," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 14(3), pages 1103-1124, June.
    4. Arab Momeni, Mojtaba & Bagheri, Mehdi, 2022. "Shared warehouse as an inter-supply chain cooperation strategy to reduce the time-dependent deterioration costs," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    5. Hadi Sahebi & Shayan Ranjbar & Ashkan Teymouri, 2022. "Investigating different reverse channels in a closed-loop supply chain: a power perspective," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1939-1985, July.
    6. Qiuxiang Li & Xingli Chen & Yimin Huang, 2019. "The Stability and Complexity Analysis of a Low-Carbon Supply Chain Considering Fairness Concern Behavior and Sales Service," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-21, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Renbang Shan & Li Luo & Baoli Shi, 2023. "The choice of recycling strategies for decision-makers based on government subsidy and service budget," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 1441-1472, February.
    2. Chen, Xu & Luo, Zheng & Wang, Xiaojun, 2019. "Compete or cooperate: Intensity, dynamics, and optimal strategies," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 76-86.
    3. Wang, Yulan & Wallace, Stein W. & Shen, Bin & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2015. "Service supply chain management: A review of operational models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 247(3), pages 685-698.
    4. Syed Asif Raza, 2022. "A bibliometric analysis of pricing models in supply chain," Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(2), pages 228-251, April.
    5. Matsui, Kenji, 2017. "When should a manufacturer set its direct price and wholesale price in dual-channel supply chains?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(2), pages 501-511.
    6. Qiuxiang Li & Xingli Chen & Yimin Huang & Huangbao Gui & Shengyang Liu, 2019. "The Impacts of Green Innovation Input and Channel Service in a Dual-Channel Value Chain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-26, November.
    7. Pi, Zhenyang & Fang, Weiguo & Perera, Sandun C. & Zhang, Baofeng, 2022. "Enhancing the online buyer perception of consumer experience products in a dual-channel supply chain: A new role of free-riding," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    8. Bo Yan & Xiaoxu Chen & Hongyuan Li & Yixian Sun, 2022. "Managing homogeneous products in two competing supply chains under price and logistics service," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 691-713, September.
    9. Zhen-Zheng Zhang & Zong-Jun Wang & Li-Wen Liu, 2015. "Retail Services and Pricing Decisions in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Remanufacturing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-24, February.
    10. Shuihua Han & Yufang Fu & Bin Cao & Zongwei Luo, 2018. "Pricing and bargaining strategy of e-retail under hybrid operational patterns," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 270(1), pages 179-200, November.
    11. Guan, Zili & Zhang, Xumei & Zhou, Maosen & Dan, Yiran, 2020. "Demand information sharing in competing supply chains with manufacturer-provided service," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    12. Hamed Jafari & Seyed Reza Hejazi & Morteza Rasti-Barzoki, 2016. "Pricing Decisions in Dual-Channel Supply Chain Including Monopolistic Manufacturer and Duopolistic Retailers: A Game-Theoretic Approach," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 323-343, September.
    13. B. C. Giri & B. R. Sarker, 2016. "Coordinating a two-echelon supply chain under production disruption when retailers compete with price and service level," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 71-88, April.
    14. Li, Guo & Li, Lin & Sun, Jiasen, 2019. "Pricing and service effort strategy in a dual-channel supply chain with showrooming effect," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 32-48.
    15. Yucai Wu & Jiguang Wang & Lu Chen, 2021. "Optimization and Decision of Supply Chain Considering Negative Spillover Effect and Service Competition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    16. Yusen Xia & Tiaojun Xiao & G. Peter Zhang, 2019. "Service Investment and Channel Structure Decisions in Competing Supply Chains," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(1), pages 57-74, March.
    17. Hou, Ruiqi & de Koster, René & Yu, Yugang, 2018. "Service investment for online retailers with social media—Does it pay off?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 606-628.
    18. Yucai Wu & Jiguang Wang & Changhong Li, 2019. "Decisions of Supply Chain Considering Chain-to-Chain Competition and Service Negative Spillover Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-19, March.
    19. Jixiang Zhang & Chen Zhu, 2020. "Research on the Dynamic Pricing and Service Decisions in the Reverse Supply Chain considering Consumers’ Service Sensitivity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    20. Jena, Sarat Kumar & Sarmah, S.P., 2016. "Price and service co-opetiton under uncertain demand and condition of used items in a remanufacturing system," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1-21.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0195109. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.