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Prevalence and factors associated with depression in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Charlotte Bernard
  • François Dabis
  • Nathalie de Rekeneire

Abstract

Depression, one of the most common psychiatric disorders, is two- to three-times more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population in many settings as shown in western countries but remains neglected in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to summarize the available evidence on the prevalence of depression and associated factors according to the scales used and the treatment status in PLHIV in SSA. The pooled prevalence estimates of depression ranged between 9% and 32% in PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and in untreated or mixed (treated/untreated) ones, with a substantial variability according to the measurement scale used and also for a given scale. Low socio-economic conditions in PLHIV on ART, female sex and immunosuppression in mixed/untreated PLHIV were frequently reported as associated factors but with no consensus. As depression could have deleterious consequences on the PLHIV life, it is critical to encourage its screening and management, integrating these dimensions in HIV care throughout SSA.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Bernard & François Dabis & Nathalie de Rekeneire, 2017. "Prevalence and factors associated with depression in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0181960
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181960
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dickens Akena & Seggane Musisi & John Joska & Dan J Stein, 2012. "The Association between Aids Related Stigma and Major Depressive Disorder among HIV-Positive Individuals in Uganda," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(11), pages 1-6, November.
    2. Simbayi, Leickness C. & Kalichman, Seth & Strebel, Anna & Cloete, Allanise & Henda, Nomvo & Mqeketo, Ayanda, 2007. "Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(9), pages 1823-1831, May.
    3. Tsai, Alexander C. & Bangsberg, David R. & Frongillo, Edward A. & Hunt, Peter W. & Muzoora, Conrad & Martin, Jeffrey N. & Weiser, Sheri D., 2012. "Food insecurity, depression and the modifying role of social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(12), pages 2012-2019.
    4. Faith Martin & Steve Russell & Janet Seeley, 2014. "Higher Quality of Life and Lower Depression for People on ART in Uganda as Compared to a Community Control Group," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-8, August.
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    1. Boateng, Godfred O. & Workman, Cassandra L. & Miller, Joshua D. & Onono, Maricianah & Neilands, Torsten B. & Young, Sera L., 2022. "The syndemic effects of food insecurity, water insecurity, and HIV on depressive symptomatology among Kenyan women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    2. Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia & Byansi, William & Doroshenko, Christine & Neilands, Torsten B. & Anako, Nnenna & Sensoy Bahar, Ozge & Kasson, Erin & Nabunya, Proscovia & Mellins, Claude A. & Ssewamala, Fred , 2021. "Evaluating potential mediators for the impact of a family-based economic intervention (Suubi+Adherence) on the mental health of adolescents living with HIV in Uganda," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    3. Michael L Goodman & Aleisha J Elliott & Stanley Gitari & Philip Keiser & Erica Onwuegbuchu & Nicole Michael & Sarah Seidel, 2021. "Come Together to Decrease Depression: Women’s mental health, social capital, and participation in a Kenyan combined microfinance program," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(6), pages 613-621, September.

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