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Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin in maize

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  • Adam Alford
  • Christian H Krupke

Abstract

Neonicotinoid seed treatments, typically clothianidin or thiamethoxam, are routinely applied to >80% of maize (corn) seed grown in North America where they are marketed as a targeted pesticide delivery system. Despite this widespread use, the amount of compound translocated into plant tissue from the initial seed treatment to provide protection has not been reported. Our two year field study compared concentrations of clothianidin seed treatments in maize to that of maize without neonicotinoid seed treatments and found neonicotinoids present in root tissues up to 34 days post planting. Plant-bound clothianidin concentrations followed an exponential decay pattern with initially high values followed by a rapid decrease within the first ~20 days post planting. A maximum of 1.34% of the initial seed treatment was successfully recovered from plant tissues in both study years and a maximum of 0.26% was recovered from root tissue. Our findings show neonicotinoid seed treatments may provide protection from some early season secondary maize pests. However, the proportion of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin translocated into plant tissues throughout the growing season is low overall and this observation may provide a mechanism to explain reports of inconsistent efficacy of this pest management approach and increasing detections of environmental neonicotinoids.

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  • Adam Alford & Christian H Krupke, 2017. "Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin in maize," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0173836
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elizabeth Y. Long & Christian H. Krupke, 2016. "Non-cultivated plants present a season-long route of pesticide exposure for honey bees," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Martina G Vijver & Paul J van den Brink, 2014. "Macro-Invertebrate Decline in Surface Water Polluted with Imidacloprid: A Rebuttal and Some New Analyses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-9, February.
    3. Caspar A. Hallmann & Ruud P. B. Foppen & Chris A. M. van Turnhout & Hans de Kroon & Eelke Jongejans, 2014. "Declines in insectivorous birds are associated with high neonicotinoid concentrations," Nature, Nature, vol. 511(7509), pages 341-343, July.
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    1. Roxana Zaharia & Elena Trotuș & Georgeta Trașcă & Emil Georgescu & Agripina Șapcaliu & Viorel Fătu & Cristina Petrișor & Carmen Mincea, 2023. "Impact of Seed Treatment with Imidacloprid, Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam on Soil, Plants, Bees and Hive Products," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Mária Mörtl & Eszter Takács & Szandra Klátyik & András Székács, 2020. "Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Agatz, Annika & Ashauer, Roman & Sweeney, Paul & Brown, Colin D., 2020. "A knowledge-based approach to designing control strategies for agricultural pests," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    4. Helena Viric Gasparic & Mirela Grubelic & Verica Dragovic Uzelac & Renata Bazok & Maja Cacija & Zrinka Drmic & Darija Lemic, 2020. "Neonicotinoid Residues in Sugar Beet Plants and Soil under Different Agro-Climatic Conditions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.

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